跟进：三项签证新规意见征集下周陆续截止 OPT收费、60天宽限期与既往批准效力同受关注
三项可能重塑工作签证与学生签证生活的国土安全部提案，将在下周陆续关闭公众意见征集：留学生毕业实习（OPT）收费提案 11 月 9 日截止，取消 60 天宽限期提案 11 月 10 日截止，取消移民局对既往批准效力的尊重（deference）提案 11 月 13 日截止。三项提案均未生效；在最终规则发布并设定生效日期之前，现行规则继续适用。
根据《联邦公报》刊登的提案文本与 Regulations.gov 网站截至 11 月 2 日的统计，三项提案的公众参与程度与国土安全部自身的金额估算并不成比例。OPT 收费提案（案号 ICEB-2026-0100）于 10 月 8 日刊登，要求获得学生与交流访问学者项目（SEVP）认证的学校为每名 F-1 学生首次 OPT 推荐支付 7 万美元、同一学生的后续 OPT 推荐支付 3 万美元；截至 11 月 2 日收到 4,844 条评论。国土安全部估计，该收费每年可带来 124 亿美元费用收入（主要估算值），区间为 84 亿至 165 亿美元，涉及 2,478 所认证学校，是三项提案中唯一被列为经济上重大的提案。
取消 60 天宽限期提案（案号 USCIS-2026-0364）于 9 月 11 日刊登，拟删除 8 CFR 214.1(l)(2) 条款，即允许工作结束后符合条件的 H-1B、L-1、O-1、TN 与 E 类签证持有人在最多 60 天内寻找新担保人或转换身份、而不被视为仅因停止工作就失去身份的规定；截至 11 月 2 日收到 27,123 条评论，在三项提案的约 32,400 条评论中约占 84%。国土安全部在该提案中未对成本与收益作货币化估算；一家科技行业组织则估算该提案每年造成的成本为 2.63 亿美元。
取消既往批准效力提案（案号 USCIS-2026-0529）于 10 月 14 日刊登，拟规定移民局在审理延期申请时不再尊重其此前的批准决定；截至 11 月 2 日仅收到 416 条评论，约占三项提案评论总数的 1%。国土安全部估计该提案每年成本为 133,987 美元，源于约 6,044 份新增的补件通知（RFE）。但该提案覆盖每年约 208,429 份延期申请，涉及几乎所有 I-129 表格类别，从 H-1B、L-1 到 O-1、P、R-1 与 TN。
三项提案的截止时间均为美东时间午夜前。OPT 收费提案的意见征集 11 月 9 日截止，其信息收集部分的《减少文书工作法》评论窗口另行延至 12 月 7 日；60 天宽限期提案 11 月 10 日截止；取消既往批准效力提案 11 月 13 日截止。根据《行政程序法》，主管部门在发布最终规则时必须考虑重要评论并作出回应；未在评论期提出的问题，日后在法院挑战最终规则时更难主张。评论数量本身不决定结果，附有主管部门所缺数据的单条实质评论，比大量格式相同的来信更有分量。
眼下三项提案均未改变任何人的现状：本周被解雇的工作人员仍享有 60 天宽限期，OPT 不产生新费用，移民局对既往批准的尊重仍然有效。截止日之后固定下来的是主管部门在完成最终规则之前必须回应的证据记录；按此类规模的规则，完成最终规则往往需要数月。
Follow-Up: Comment Periods for Three Visa Rules Close Next Week: OPT Fee, 60-Day Grace Period and Deference
Three Department of Homeland Security proposals that would reshape life on work and student visas close for public comment next week: the Optional Practical Training (OPT) fee proposal on November 9, the proposal to end the 60-day grace period on November 10, and the proposal to remove deference to prior approvals on November 13. None of the three is final. Until final rules are published with an effective date, the current rules remain in effect.
According to the proposed rules published in the Federal Register and Regulations.gov figures as of November 2, 2026, public participation in the three dockets bears little relation to the dollar stakes the department itself estimated. The OPT fee proposal (docket ICEB-2026-0100), published October 8, would require SEVP-certified schools to pay $70,000 for an initial OPT recommendation for each F-1 student and $30,000 for each subsequent OPT recommendation for the same student; it had drawn 4,844 comments as of November 2. The department estimates the fee would raise $12.4 billion a year in fees under its primary estimate, within a range of $8.4 billion to $16.5 billion, from 2,478 certified schools. It is the only one of the three that the department classifies as economically significant.
The proposal to end the 60-day grace period (docket USCIS-2026-0364), published September 11, would delete 8 CFR 214.1(l)(2), the provision that lets an eligible worker whose qualifying employment ends stay up to 60 days to find a new sponsor or change status without being considered to have failed to maintain status solely because the worker stopped working. It had drawn 27,123 comments as of November 2, about 84 percent of the roughly 32,400 comments filed across the three dockets. The department gave no monetized cost or benefit for that proposal; a tech industry group has put its cost at $263 million a year. The proposal covers H-1B, L-1, O-1, TN and E workers.
The proposal to remove deference to prior approvals (docket USCIS-2026-0529), published October 14, would stop USCIS from deferring to its own earlier approvals when employers file for extensions. It had drawn only 416 comments as of November 2, about 1 percent of the total. The department estimates its cost at $133,987 a year, counting only paperwork for about 6,044 additional requests for evidence. Yet the proposal reaches about 208,429 extension petitions a year across nearly every Form I-129 category, from H-1B and L-1 to O-1, P, R-1 and TN.
All three comment periods close before midnight Eastern time: November 9 for the OPT fee proposal, November 10 for the grace-period proposal, and November 13 for the deference proposal. A separate Paperwork Reduction Act comment window on the OPT fee proposal's information collection runs to December 7. Under the Administrative Procedure Act, an agency must consider significant comments and respond to them when it issues a final rule; arguments never raised in comments are harder to press later in court. The comment count does not decide the outcome: a single detailed comment carrying data the agency lacked can carry more weight than many form letters.
None of the three proposals changes anything today. A worker laid off this week still has the grace period, OPT carries no new fee, and USCIS deference remains in place. What next week fixes is the evidence the department must answer before finishing any of the three rules, a step that often takes months for rules of this scope.
来源：联邦公报
发布：GSM·美国（发布链接）
图片来源：图：美国公民及移民服务局总部（GSM 固定图库）。USCIS headquarters. (GSM asset library)
GSM Global · 本篇英文版 English edition of this story
