意大利公布A320险坠海事件终报：起飞速度未输入，飞机距海面仅约12.5米
意大利飞行安全局（ANSV）近日公布2025年卡塔尼亚机场A320险坠海事件的最终调查报告：一架阿拉伯航空摩洛哥公司（Air Arabia Maroc）的空客A320-214在夜间起飞后一度下降到距爱奥尼亚海海面仅约12.5米（无线电高度41英尺），险些坠海。
事件发生在2025年9月20日深夜。这架注册号 CN-NML 的飞机执行从意大利西西里岛卡塔尼亚飞往约旦安曼的调机航班 MAC991，机上只有2名飞行员与4名乘务员，没有乘客。飞机从08号跑道向海上起飞，当晚无月。
报告认定，机组起飞前没有把起飞速度输入飞行管理系统，机长在初始爬升中作出了俯仰向下的操纵，其间伴随「体位重力错觉」，即加速时人体误以为飞机抬头过高。近地警告系统先后发出「下降率过大」与「拉起」警告，机组改出后，飞机在距海面41英尺处止住下降，随后爬升并继续飞往安曼；由于飞行时间较长，驾驶舱话音记录已被覆盖。
报告还指出，卡塔尼亚塔台没有配备最低安全高度警告系统；该机的飞行管理系统也未装有在未输入起飞速度时提醒机组的软件更新。ANSV 已就此向欧洲航空安全局发出安全建议。
（来源：意大利飞行安全局）
Italy Publishes Final Report on A320 Near-Sea Incident: Takeoff Speeds Never Entered, Jet Fell to About 12.5 Metres Above the Sea
Italy's flight safety agency ANSV has published its final report on the 2025 Catania A320 near-sea incident: an Air Arabia Maroc Airbus A320-214 descended after a night takeoff to just about 12.5 metres (a radio altitude of 41 feet) above the Ionian Sea, narrowly avoiding a crash into the water.
The incident occurred late on September 20, 2025. The aircraft, registration CN-NML, was operating positioning flight MAC991 from Catania in Sicily, Italy, to Amman, Jordan, with only two pilots and four cabin crew aboard and no passengers. It departed runway 08, toward the sea, on a moonless night.
The report found that the crew had not entered the takeoff speeds into the flight management system, and that the captain made nose-down pitch inputs during the initial climb amid a somatogravic illusion, in which acceleration makes the body sense that the aircraft is pitching up excessively. The ground-proximity warning system issued "sink rate" and "pull up" alerts; after the crew recovered, the aircraft levelled at 41 feet above the sea before climbing away and continuing to Amman. Because of the flight's length, the cockpit voice recording had been overwritten.
The report also noted that Catania's control tower is not equipped with a minimum safe altitude warning system, and that the aircraft's flight management system lacked a software update that cautions crews when takeoff speeds have not been entered. ANSV has issued a safety recommendation to the European Union Aviation Safety Agency.
(Source: Italy's ANSV)
来源：意大利飞行安全局
发布：GSM·美国（发布链接）
图片来源：图：阿拉伯航空摩洛哥公司的空客A320-214同型机（注册号 CN-NMO，资料图，非涉事的 CN-NML 号机）。照片：Anna Zvereva，CC BY-SA 2.0，经 Wikimedia Commons。 / Photo: An Air Arabia Maroc Airbus A320-214 of the same type (registration CN-NMO; file photo, not the incident aircraft CN-NML). Photo by Anna Zvereva, CC BY-SA 2.0, via Wikimedia Commons.
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