英国议会调查称对华关键矿产依赖危及国防与人工智能，锂需求到2030年将增45倍
英国伦敦消息，英国议会下院商业、创新、科学与贸易委员会 11 月 5 日公布的调查报告指出，英国对中国关键原材料“危险地”依赖，危及国防、人工智能与净零目标。
报告称，没有可靠的关键矿产供应，英国无法重新武装、实现净零目标，也无法建设人工智能基础设施；中国在 7 类关键矿产的加工环节占据主导，包括用于电动汽车的精炼锂与用于军用飞机机身和机翼的稀土。委员会听取的证词显示，到 2030 年，英国对锂的需求将增长 45 倍，用于军用喷气机永磁体的稀土需求将增长 16 倍。
委员会呼吁制定紧急集中政策，并设立“关键矿产融资机制”，以拨款、股权与贷款支持稀土及其他关键矿产开采项目，推动供应多元化。委员会主席利亚姆·伯恩说：“关键矿产是新经济的命脉。没有它们，我们无法重新武装英国、建设人工智能或实现净零。然而，中国 16 年前首次将其稀土垄断武器化至今，英国仍然危险地暴露在外。”
英国政府回应称，已通过关键矿产战略采取行动，并投入 4 亿英镑用于扩大国内生产与回收；政府设定的 2035 年目标为：10% 的关键矿产需求来自国内生产、20% 来自回收、任何单一海外供应商的占比不超过 60%。报告将于 11 月 5 日星期四在查塔姆研究所研讨会上讨论。
UK 'Dangerously' Reliant on China for Critical Minerals Needed for Defence and AI, MPs Warn
LONDON — The United Kingdom is "dangerously" dependent on China for critical raw materials needed for the military, renewable energy infrastructure and artificial intelligence, a parliamentary investigation has found, according to a report published on November 5 by the House of Commons Business, Innovation, Science and Trade Committee.
Without securing supplies of critical minerals, the UK cannot re-arm, achieve net zero or build AI infrastructure, the committee said. China dominates the processing of seven categories of minerals, including refined lithium for electric vehicles and rare earths used in the fuselage and wings of military aircraft. Evidence heard by the committee showed demand for lithium is set to increase 45-fold between now and 2030, while demand for rare earths used in permanent magnets for military jets is expected to rise 16-fold over the same period.
The committee called for an urgent centralised policy and the creation of a "critical minerals finance facility" to help fund rare earth and other critical mineral mines, deploying grants, equity and debt to accelerate diversification. Committee chairman Liam Byrne said: "Critical minerals are the alpha of the new economy. We cannot re-arm Britain, build AI or deliver net zero unless we secure the minerals these technologies depend on. Yet 16 years after China first weaponised its chokehold over rare earths, Britain remains dangerously exposed."
The government said it was taking action through its critical minerals strategy, including ￡400 million to ramp up domestic production and recycling, and has set binding targets for 2035: securing 10 percent of critical mineral demand from domestic production, 20 percent through recycling, and capping exposure so that no single overseas supplier provides more than 60 percent of any single mineral. The report is due to be discussed at a Chatham House symposium on Thursday.
来源：英国议会
发布：GSM·美国（发布链接）
图片来源：图：英国伦敦议会大厦（资料图）。Wikimedia Commons。 / Photo: The Palace of Westminster in London (file photo). Wikimedia Commons.
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