CBP收紧外国进口商合规：未通过CTPAT验证者不得自行担任登记进口商，2027年1月5日生效
美国海关与边境保护局（CBP）发布临时最终规则《外国进口商更高要求》（Heightened Requirements for Foreign Importers of Record），收紧外国登记进口商的合规标准：自2027年1月5日起，外国进口商只有先通过海关贸易伙伴反恐计划（CTPAT）验证，才能以自身名义担任登记进口商、为消费类货物办理进口报关；未通过验证的，必须指定一名已通过CTPAT验证的持牌报关行代为报关，并由该报关行担任该批货物的登记进口商。这项规则将于11月6日刊登在《联邦公报》（Federal Register），预刊文本已先行公布，案卷号为USCBP-2026-1387。
CBP表示，新规是落实第14411号行政令《加强海关执法》（Strengthening Customs Enforcement）第2条的要求，该行政令由总统于2026年6月3日签署。新规把外国进口商置于与美国进口商相同的标准与执法机制之下，同步修订《联邦法规》第19编第110、111、141、142与171部分，并对持牌报关行代理客户的责任作出相应规定；外国进口商与报关行如不遵守新要求，将面临相应后果。通过CTPAT验证的外国进口商仍可办理简易报关（informal entry），但CBP表示将持续监测外国进口商简易报关的风险，如认定风险过高，将全面禁止。
CBP在规则说明中指出，外国进口商的经营与资产多位于美国境外，该局追缴其欠付的关税、罚款与违约赔偿金难度较大，也难以确保其遵守美国海关与贸易法律。CBP公布的数据显示，未通过CTPAT验证的外国进口商，每百万份报关单摘要对应6.38起查获；通过验证的外国进口商仅为1.14起。外国进口商提交的报关单摘要约占相关总量的9%，对应货值约占23%。
针对报关行一侧的配套修改，CBP允许持牌报关行在生效日之前就第111.29条的变更申请延迟合规，但所有报关行最迟须在2027年5月6日前全面达到新规要求。
公众可通过联邦电子规章门户regulations.gov、按案卷号USCBP-2026-1387提交评论，评论截止日期与规则生效日同为2027年1月5日。规则咨询可联系CBP贸易项目局贸易现代化司的Anita Rivera，电话771-233-2939，邮箱[email protected]。
CBP Tightens Rules for Foreign Importers of Record: CTPAT Validation Required Starting Jan. 5, 2027
U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP) has issued an interim final rule, 'Heightened Requirements for Foreign Importers of Record,' tightening compliance standards for foreign importers of record. Effective Jan. 5, 2027, a foreign importer may serve as importer of record for consumption entries only if it is a validated participant in the Customs Trade Partnership Against Terrorism (CTPAT). A foreign importer that is not CTPAT validated must designate a CTPAT validated, licensed customs broker to make entry on its behalf, and that broker will act as the importer of record for the entry. The rule will be published in the Federal Register on Nov. 6; the pre-publication text has been released under docket number USCBP-2026-1387.
CBP said the rule implements Section 2 of Executive Order 14411, 'Strengthening Customs Enforcement,' signed by the President on June 3, 2026. The rule holds foreign importers of record to the same standards and enforcement mechanisms as U.S. importers, amends Parts 110, 111, 141, 142 and 171 of Title 19 of the Code of Federal Regulations, and sets out corresponding responsibilities for licensed customs brokers acting for their clients, along with consequences for foreign importers and brokers who fail to comply. Foreign importers that are CTPAT validated may continue to file informal entries, but CBP said it will monitor such entries and will move to prohibit them entirely if it finds they present risks to revenue, national security, or public health and safety.
In the rule, CBP said foreign importers present enforcement challenges because their operations and assets are primarily located outside the United States, making it harder to collect unpaid duties, penalties and liquidated damages or to ensure compliance with U.S. customs and trade laws. According to CBP data, non-CTPAT foreign importers accounted for 6.38 seizures per million entry summaries, compared with 1.14 for CTPAT validated foreign importers. Foreign importers file approximately 9 percent of the relevant entry summaries, representing about 23 percent of the value.
For the companion changes affecting customs brokers, CBP will allow licensed brokers to request delayed compliance with the changes to Section 111.29 before the effective date, but all brokers are expected to be in full compliance with the rule no later than May 6, 2027.
Members of the public may submit comments through the federal eRulemaking portal, regulations.gov, under docket number USCBP-2026-1387; comments must be received on or before Jan. 5, 2027, the same day the rule takes effect. Questions may be directed to Anita Rivera of CBP's Trade Programs Directorate at (771) 233-2939 or [email protected].
来源：美国海关与边境保护局
发布：GSM·美国（发布链接）
图片来源：图：美国海关与边境保护局总部大楼。GSM 联邦固定图库。 / Photo: Headquarters of U.S. Customs and Border Protection. GSM federal fixed library.
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