美委谈判《部队地位协定》：为美军长期驻留委内瑞拉铺路，基地问题尚不在议程
加拉加斯——据《纽约时报》11月3日报道，美国国务院正在国务卿鲁比奥主持下与委内瑞拉方面谈判一份《部队地位协定》，为美军在委内瑞拉的长期驻留奠定法律基础。报道援引的是要求匿名的美国官员；截至报道发表时，两国政府都没有公开确认谈判。
报道说，这类协定为美军与伙伴国共同商定的活动提供法律框架，可能涵盖军舰访问、训练、军事演习与人道主义援助等活动；驻军人数与驻扎地点等细节尚未确定，要留待今后的协议再议。一名身在加拉加斯的美国国务院高级官员对该报表示，认真讨论美军基地问题还「为时很远」，目前没有进行基地谈判。
美国目前在委内瑞拉的军事存在规模很小：重开的美国驻加拉加斯大使馆里有一名全职武官和一支小规模海军陆战队分队。今年6月委内瑞拉发生地震后，美国南方司令部曾向委内瑞拉及周边地区派出约2000名士兵参与救灾，南方司令部司令弗朗西斯·多诺万将军证实过这一部署。
这场谈判的背景是今年1月美军在加拉加斯的行动抓获了时任总统马杜罗，副总统德尔西·罗德里格斯随后于1月5日就任临时总统。委内瑞拉宪法第13条禁止外国在本国设立军事基地，罗德里格斯本人此前曾反对美军驻留，并表示委内瑞拉不会成为美国的一个州——因此这份协定即便谈成，人数与基地安排也会是后续最敏感的部分。
鲁比奥11月5日在白宫接受《纽约时报》采访时还表示，他支持扩大美委军事合作，包括达成一项为在委内瑞拉行动的美军提供法律保护的安排，但称两国尚未就这一设想详细讨论；他同时表示，委内瑞拉选举「理想情况」下在2027年举行，但须先推进最高法院与选举委员会改组等机构改革。（来源：纽约时报）
关联：
鲁比奥会见委内瑞拉新任外长布兰科：两国复交以来首次外长级会晤
U.S. and Venezuela Negotiating a Status of Forces Agreement That Could Ground a Long-Term American Troop Presence
Caracas — The U.S. State Department, under Secretary of State Marco Rubio, is negotiating a status of forces agreement with Venezuela that would lay the legal groundwork for a long-term American troop presence in the country, The New York Times reported on November 3, citing U.S. officials who spoke on condition of anonymity. Neither government had publicly confirmed the talks when the report was published.
Such agreements provide a legal framework for activities mutually agreed with a security partner, potentially covering ship visits, training, military exercises and humanitarian assistance. Details such as troop numbers and locations have not been set and would be defined in future agreements, the report said. A senior State Department official in Caracas told the Times that serious discussion of U.S. bases was still a long way off and that no base talks were under way.
The current U.S. military footprint in Venezuela is small: the reopened U.S. Embassy in Caracas has a full-time military attaché and a small Marine detachment. After earthquakes struck Venezuela in June, U.S. Southern Command sent about 2,000 soldiers to Venezuela and nearby areas for disaster relief, a deployment confirmed by its commander, Gen. Francis Donovan.
The talks follow the January U.S. operation in Caracas that captured then-President Nicolás Maduro; Vice President Delcy Rodríguez was sworn in as acting president on January 5. Article 13 of Venezuela's constitution prohibits foreign military bases, and Rodríguez has previously opposed a U.S. military presence and said Venezuela would never become a U.S. state — which is why troop numbers and any basing arrangement would be the most sensitive parts of any later deal.
In a November 5 interview with the Times at the White House, Rubio also voiced support for expanding military cooperation with Caracas, including a possible agreement establishing legal protections for U.S. troops operating in Venezuela, while saying the two governments had not yet discussed the idea in detail. He said Venezuelan elections would ideally take place in 2027, after institutional reforms including replacement of the Supreme Court and the electoral council. (Source: The New York Times)
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来源：纽约时报
发布：GSM·美国（发布链接）
图片来源：图：委内瑞拉首都加拉加斯市区全景（资料图）。照片：Wilfredor，CC0，经 Wikimedia Commons。 / Photo: Panoramic view of Caracas, Venezuela (file photo). Photo by Wilfredor, CC0, via Wikimedia Commons.
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