最高法院今日开庭审理天主教学前班案：公共资金与招生政策之争
华盛顿11月3日消息，美国最高法院定于今日上午开庭审理“圣玛丽天主教教区诉罗伊案”，争议焦点是：接受州政府公共资金的天主教学前班，是否可以因宗教原因拒绝遵守科罗拉多州的反歧视规定。预计裁决将在2027年夏季之前作出。
本案源于科罗拉多州的通用学前班项目。该项目向家长提供约6000美元的资助，用于为孩子选择公立或私立学前班，包括宗教学校。参加项目的学校须遵守州里的反歧视规定，不得因性取向或性别认同排除学生、家长或教职员工。
丹佛总教区下属的两所天主教学前班表示，按照天主教关于婚姻、性与性别的教义，录取同性伴侣家庭的子女或相关家庭会与信仰冲突，因此拒绝接受这一条件，随后提起诉讼。
下级法院大多支持科罗拉多州。联邦地区法院2024年6月裁定州政府胜诉，认为相关规定中立且普遍适用，并非针对天主教信仰；第十巡回上诉法院2025年9月维持了这一裁定。
最高法院2026年4月同意受理此案，但拒绝重新审议1990年“就业处诉史密斯案”确立的先例。代表原告的贝克特宗教自由基金表示，所谓“通用”项目应当真正对所有人开放；反对一方则警告，一旦裁定科罗拉多州败诉，其他公共资助项目也可能被要求豁免反歧视规定。
值得注意的是，庭审日恰逢美国中期选举投票日。特朗普政府通过总检察长支持天主教原告一方。本案的裁决不仅影响科罗拉多州的学前教育，也可能为全美宗教学校获得公共资金的条件划定新的边界。
美国为基督教信仰立国的国家。本平台只做信息分享，不做归教宣教、不影响他人信仰、不拉人信教。个人信仰纯属个人意愿。
Supreme Court Hears Catholic Preschool Case Today: Public Funds and Admissions Policy at Issue
WASHINGTON, Nov. 3 — The U.S. Supreme Court was set to hear arguments this morning in St. Mary Catholic Parish v. Roy, a case centered on whether Catholic preschools that accept state public funding may, for religious reasons, refuse to comply with Colorado's antidiscrimination rules. A decision is expected before the summer of 2027.
The case arises from Colorado's Universal Preschool Program, which provides parents with about $6,000 to send their children to a public or private preschool of their choice, including religious schools. Participating schools must follow the state's antidiscrimination rules and may not exclude students, parents or staff because of sexual orientation or gender identity.
Two Catholic preschools under the Archdiocese of Denver said that, under Catholic teaching on marriage, sexuality and gender, enrolling children of same-sex couples or related families would conflict with their faith, so they refused the condition and sued.
The lower courts mostly sided with Colorado. A federal district court ruled for the state in June 2024, finding the rules neutral and generally applicable rather than aimed at Catholic belief, and the Tenth Circuit affirmed in September 2025.
The Supreme Court agreed to hear the case in April 2026 but declined to revisit the precedent set by the 1990 case Employment Division v. Smith. The Becket Fund for Religious Liberty, representing the plaintiffs, argues that a program called "universal" should truly be open to all; opponents warn that a ruling against Colorado could lead other publicly funded programs to face demands for exemptions from antidiscrimination rules.
Notably, the argument falls on the day of the U.S. midterm elections. The Trump administration, through the Solicitor General, is supporting the Catholic plaintiffs. The ruling will affect not only preschool education in Colorado but could also draw new boundaries for the conditions under which religious schools nationwide receive public funds.
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来源：美国最高法院
发布：GSM·美国（发布链接）
图片来源：美国最高法院大楼。照片：Jesse Collins，CC BY 3.0，经 Wikimedia Commons / The U.S. Supreme Court building. Photo by Jesse Collins, CC BY 3.0, via Wikimedia Commons
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