缅甸：美国国务院战略文件曝光 以2030年和平路径连结稀土准入与反诈合作
美国国务院近日公布的驻缅甸使团综合国家战略文件显示，华盛顿拟以和平外交扩大在缅影响力，并可能取得缅甸稀土矿藏的准入。该文件8月31日获批准、近日上网公布，其罕见地直白写明：美方推动的停火须「呈现一条在2030年前达成持久和平协议的路径」。
文件说，使团将促成至少三个多方论坛，就财政联邦制与领土划界产出具体协议或政策提案，而这将「创造机会，取得缅甸丰富的稀土资源并打击诈骗中心」。缅甸稀土主要位于冲突地区，目前多出口到中国。文件还提出，使馆要为美国公司促成至少三项500万美元以上的重大商业或投资交易，以增加美国出口、缩小对缅贸易逆差，并把打击针对美国人的网络诈骗中心、遣返缅甸公民列为执法合作重点。
这一再接触由美国国务院情报高官 Michael Vance 参与，美方官员近月已与缅甸名义文官政府低调会谈。文件未说明美方是否打算解除制裁；美国目前仍制裁政变领导人出身的总统敏昂莱等人，但特朗普政府已把数名缅甸个人与公司移出制裁名单，美国国务院未就文件置评。
Myanmar: US State Department Strategy Links 2030 Peace Pathway to Rare Earth Access and Anti-Scam Cooperation
A recently published US State Department integrated country strategy for Myanmar shows Washington aims to use peace diplomacy to expand US influence and potentially gain access to the country's rare-earth deposits. Approved on August 31 and posted on the department's website more recently, the document is unusually explicit: the US mission will work toward a ceasefire that "presents a pathway to a lasting peace agreement by 2030."
The strategy says the mission will facilitate at least three multistakeholder forums producing concrete agreements or policy proposals on fiscal federalism and territorial demarcation in Myanmar, which "will create opportunities to access Burma's bountiful rare earth resources and combat scam centers." The minerals lie mainly in conflict-affected areas and are currently exported to China. The document also sets a goal of at least three major commercial or investment deals above $5 million each for US companies, prioritises law-enforcement cooperation against online scam centres targeting Americans, and expands cooperation to repatriate Myanmar nationals from the United States.
The re-engagement, involving the State Department's top intelligence official Michael Vance, has included quiet talks with Myanmar's nominally civilian government run by the former general who led the 2021 coup. The document does not spell out whether Washington intends to lift sanctions: the United States maintains financial sanctions on coup leader-turned-president Min Aung Hlaing and others, though the Trump administration has removed several Myanmar nationals and companies from its sanctions list. The State Department did not respond to a request for comment.
发布：GSM·美国（发布链接）
图片来源：照片：缅甸仰光大金塔，Vyacheslav Argenberg 摄，Wikimedia Commons，CC BY 4.0 授权 / Photo: Shwedagon Pagoda in Yangon, Myanmar, by Vyacheslav Argenberg, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY 4.0
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