普京签署法律批准中俄跨境铁路协定：后贝加尔斯克至满洲里将建1435毫米轨距二线
据俄新社11月2日报道，俄罗斯总统普京签署一份联邦法律，批准俄罗斯与中国之间关于共同建设跨境铁路的政府间协定。协定内容是在后贝加尔斯克至满洲里跨境铁路段新建一条1435毫米轨距的第二主线，以提高两站之间的货运量与运输速度。
这份协定于2026年5月20日在北京签署，当时普京于5月19日至20日访问中国；协定由俄罗斯交通部长 Andrey Nikitin 与中国国家铁路局局长宋修德签署。协定10月15日获俄罗斯国家杜马通过，10月28日获联邦委员会批准，此次经普京签署法律后完成俄方批准程序。
中国铁路采用1435毫米标准轨距，俄罗斯铁路采用1520毫米宽轨距，两者相差85毫米，长期以来中俄之间的列车过境时必须在口岸换装或更换轮对。后贝加尔斯克至满洲里段是中俄之间最繁忙的铁路口岸通道之一，满洲里是中俄最大的陆路口岸之一；按中国标准轨距新建二线后，跨境货运的换装环节有望简化。
俄新社说，这条新线将沿既有跨境铁路段修建，两国按协定同步推进各自境内的建设，具体开工与建成时间尚未公布。
Putin Signs Law Ratifying China-Russia Rail Agreement: A 1,435 mm Second Track Between Zabaikalsk and Manzhouli
Russian President Vladimir Putin has signed a federal law ratifying an intergovernmental agreement with China on jointly building a cross-border railway, RIA Novosti reported on November 2. The agreement provides for a new second main track with a gauge of 1,435 millimetres on the Zabaikalsk-Manzhouli cross-border section, intended to increase freight volumes and transport speeds between the two stations.
The agreement was signed in Beijing on May 20, 2026, during Putin's visit to China on May 19-20, by Russian Transport Minister Andrey Nikitin and Song Xiude, head of China's National Railway Administration. Russia's State Duma passed the ratification bill on October 15 and the Federation Council approved it on October 28; Putin's signature completes Russia's ratification process.
China's railways use the 1,435 mm standard gauge while Russia's use the 1,520 mm broad gauge. The 85 mm difference has long meant that trains crossing between the two countries must be transshipped or have their wheelsets changed at the border. The Zabaikalsk-Manzhouli section is one of the busiest rail crossings between the two countries, and Manzhouli is among the largest China-Russia land ports; a second track built to the Chinese gauge is expected to simplify cross-border freight handling.
RIA Novosti said the new track will be built alongside the existing cross-border line, with both countries to advance construction on their own territory in step under the agreement. No construction start or completion dates have been announced.
来源：俄新社
发布：GSM·美国（发布链接）
图片来源：图：从中国内蒙古满洲里一侧望向俄罗斯后贝加尔斯克火车站（资料图）。照片 CC BY-SA 4.0，作者 Liuxingy，经 Wikimedia Commons。 / Photo: Zabaikalsk railway station in Russia, viewed from Manzhouli in Inner Mongolia, China (file photo). CC BY-SA 4.0, by Liuxingy, via Wikimedia Commons.
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