美国2025年社区调查：加州外来出生人口一年减少约21.4万人，为全美唯一降幅超误差范围的州
加利福尼亚州，11 月 2 日——美国人口普查局 10 月 29 日发布的 2025年美国社区调查一年期估计显示，加利福尼亚州外来出生人口一年减少约 21.4 万人，成为全美唯一一个降幅超出调查误差范围的州。
据人口普查局美国社区调查估计，加州 2025 年外来出生居民为 10,687,553 人，低于 2024 年的 10,902,022人，差额约 214,469 人。外来出生居民包括已入籍公民、绿卡持有者、临时签证持有者与无合法身份者。全国外来出生人口为50,409,320 人，较 2024 年多约 17.4 万人，这一变化未超出统计显著性范围，占美国居民的 14.8%，与上年持平。
加州内部构成的变化大于净变化：非美国公民减少约 43.3 万人，已入籍公民增加约 21.8 万人。按出生国看，墨西哥出生人口减少约221,288 人，超过全州净降幅；危地马拉出生人口减少约 36,723 人，越南出生人口减少约 38,028 人。菲律宾出生人口减少约5,237 人。中国、印度、伊朗与韩国出生人口的估计数有所上升，其中中国出生人口从 720,261 人升至 734,032 人、增加13,771 人，但按该分析，这些上升均未超出误差范围，不能据此认定为确定增长。
按大都会区看，洛杉矶大都会区外来出生人口减少约 7.5 万人，为全美大都会区中最多；加州首府萨克拉门托减少约 4 万人，圣迭戈减少约 3.1万人。加州仍是全美外来出生人口最多的州，27.2% 的居民出生于国外，为全美最高比例。
上述数字附有调查方法的提醒：这些数字为调查估计值；《费城问询报》就同一批数据采访的贫困问题专家说，在移民执法加强的背景下，移民家庭可能更不愿回答人口普查调查，这可能使结果的代表性下降。人口普查局另行发布的人口估计显示，加州净国际移民从截至2024 年 7 月的一年期的 312,761 人，降至截至 2025 年 7 月的一年期的 109,278 人。
（来源：美国人口普查局）
California's Foreign-Born Population Fell by About 214,000 in a Year in 2025 American Community Survey, the Only State With a Drop Beyond the Margin of Error
CALIFORNIA, November 2 — California's foreign-born population fell by about 214,000 people in a year, according to the US Census Bureau's 2025 American Community Survey one-year estimates released on October 29, making it the only state where the decline exceeded the survey's margin of error.
According to the survey estimates, California had 10,687,553 foreign-born residents in 2025, down from 10,902,022 in 2024, a difference of about 214,469. Foreign-born residents include naturalized citizens, green-card holders, people on temporary visas, and people without legal status. Nationally, the foreign-born population was 50,409,320, about 174,000 more than in 2024, a change too small to be statistically meaningful, and equal to 14.8 percent of US residents, the same as a year earlier.
The composition of California's change was larger than the net change: noncitizens fell by about 433,000, while naturalized citizens rose by about 218,000. By country of birth, the Mexican-born population fell by about 221,288, more than the state's entire net drop; the Guatemalan-born population fell by about 36,723 and the Vietnamese-born population by about 38,028. The Philippine-born population fell by about 5,237. Estimates for residents born in China, India, Iran and Korea rose, including a rise for the China-born population from 720,261 to 734,032, an increase of 13,771, but according to the analysis those increases were below the margin of error and cannot be read as confirmed growth.
By metropolitan area, the Los Angeles metro area lost about 75,000 foreign-born residents, the most of any large metro; Sacramento lost about 40,000 and San Diego about 31,000. California still has more foreign-born residents than any other state, and 27.2 percent of its residents were born abroad, the highest share in the country.
The figures carry a methodological caution: they are survey estimates, and poverty experts interviewed by The Philadelphia Inquirer about the same release said immigrant households may be more reluctant to answer census surveys amid stepped-up immigration enforcement, which could make the results less representative. The Census Bureau's separate population estimates show net international migration to California falling from 312,761 in the year ending July 2024 to 109,278 in the year ending July 2025.
(Source: U.S. Census Bureau)
来源：美国人口普查局
发布：GSM·美国（发布链接）
图片来源：洛杉矶市中心天际线。 Downtown Los Angeles skyline. CC BY-SA 4.0，图片来源：Wikimedia Commons。 CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons.
GSM Global · 本篇英文版 English edition of this story
