日本拟维持安保战略对华表述：继续称「最大战略挑战」 不升级为「威胁」
据共同社10月30日报道，日本政府在今年年内修订「安保三文件」时，倾向于维持《国家安全保障战略》对中国的现行表述——继续将中国的对外姿态与军事动向称为「前所未有的最大战略挑战」，不升级为通常用于敌对国家的「威胁」一语。多个日本政府消息人士30日透露了这一动向，最终决定将在11月中旬开始的执政党磋商后作出。
现行《国家安全保障战略》于2022年制定，列举中国军力增强、经济胁迫以及在东海、南海单方面改变现状的尝试，称其为「强化以法治为基础的国际秩序方面前所未有的最大战略挑战」，并与被定位为「紧迫威胁」的朝鲜作出区分。修订讨论中，自民党内曾有意见主张改称「威胁」。
政府内慎重意见的理由包括：中国是日本最大的贸易伙伴、两国经济联系紧密；自首相高市早苗去年11月就台湾突发事态作出暗示日本可能介入的表态后，中日关系持续遇冷，此时在官方文件中把中国定为「威胁」可能进一步放大外交摩擦；同时，美国正转向与中国构建「建设性战略稳定关系」，日本也不愿在表述上走得比同盟国更远。一名政府相关人士表示，把中国写成「威胁」很难，现实处理将是维持现状。
「安保三文件」包括《国家安全保障战略》《防卫计划大纲》与外交、安保相关文件，日本政府计划在年内完成修订。
Japan Set to Keep China Wording in Security Strategy: "Greatest Strategic Challenge," Not "Threat"
Japan's government is leaning toward keeping the current wording on China in its National Security Strategy when it revises the three security documents by year-end, Kyodo News reported on October 30: China’s external posture and military moves would remain “the greatest strategic challenge ever faced,” and would not be upgraded to “threat,” a term usually reserved for hostile states. Several government sources disclosed the direction on October 30; a final decision is expected after ruling-party consultations beginning in mid-November.
The current strategy, adopted in 2022, cites China's military buildup, economic coercion and attempts to change the status quo unilaterally in the East and South China Seas, calling them the greatest strategic challenge to reinforcing a rules-based international order, while distinguishing China from North Korea, which is designated an “imminent threat.” Within the ruling Liberal Democratic Party, some had argued for the “threat” label.
Officials counseling caution note that China is Japan's largest trading partner with deep economic ties; that relations have been chilly since Prime Minister Sanae Takaichi last November hinted Japan might intervene in a Taiwan contingency, making a formal “threat” designation a risk for wider diplomatic friction; and that the United States is moving toward a “constructive strategic stability” relationship with China, which Tokyo does not want to outrun rhetorically. One government insider said writing “threat” would be difficult and that a realistic approach would prevail.
The three documents are the National Security Strategy, the National Defense Program Guidelines and the related diplomacy and security document, all slated for revision by year-end.
来源：共同社
发布：GSM·美国（发布链接）
图片来源：图：位于东京的日本国会议事堂。CC0 授权照片，经 Wikimedia Commons。 / Photo: The National Diet Building in Tokyo. CC0, via Wikimedia Commons.
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