美国批准21亿美元军售：500枚爱国者拦截弹售予乌克兰，盟国出资
华盛顿——美国国务院10月30日批准向乌克兰出售500枚「爱国者」（Patriot）PAC-3型拦截弹，估值21亿美元。据路透社报道，国务院在声明中说，这将是特朗普第二任期开始以来，美国向基辅提供防御性武器方面最重大的举措之一。
这笔军售的钱不由美国出。乌克兰将用加拿大、德国和挪威经美国 JUMPSTART 计划提供的捐款支付，外加由欧盟「乌克兰支持贷款」融资的国家资金；国务院明确表示，本次出售不涉及美国资金。主承包商为 Lockheed Martin 公司，交易还包括备件以及后勤与项目支持。
乌克兰总统泽连斯基本周早些时候表示，乌克兰已等待近一个月，美方才批准这批关键的导弹供应；此时俄罗斯正加强对乌克兰能源与民用基础设施的袭击。泽连斯基多次呼吁美国加快交付盟国经 PURL 计划购买的武器，以赶在冬季之前到位。
不过，这批拦截弹不会很快抵达乌克兰。据路透社报道，军售通常需要数年才能完成交付；两名了解美方决定的人士说，这批导弹尚待生产，预计要到2030年代初的头几年才可能交付。
PAC-3 MSE 是「爱国者」系统现役最先进的拦截弹型号之一，能够拦截来袭的弹道导弹。乌克兰现有的「爱国者」系统是其防空体系的核心装备，拦截弹库存一直是基辅向盟国求援的重点。
U.S. Approves $2.1 Billion Sale of 500 Patriot Interceptors to Ukraine, Funded by Allies
Washington — The U.S. State Department on October 30 approved the sale of 500 Patriot PAC-3 interceptor missiles to Ukraine for an estimated $2.1 billion. According to Reuters, the department said in a statement that the deal would be one of the most significant steps to supply defensive weapons to Kyiv since the start of the second Trump administration.
No American funds are involved. Ukraine will pay for the interceptors with contributions from Canada, Germany and Norway routed through a program called US JUMPSTART, along with national funds financed by the European Union's Ukraine Support Loan, the State Department said. Lockheed Martin is the principal contractor, and the package also covers spare parts, logistics and program support.
Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy said earlier this week that Ukraine had been waiting for almost a month for the U.S. to sign off on critical missile supplies, as Russia stepped up attacks on energy and civilian infrastructure. He has repeatedly called on the U.S., which supplies missiles purchased by NATO allies under a program known as PURL, to speed up deliveries ahead of winter.
The interceptors will not reach Ukraine quickly, however. Weapons sales typically take years to fulfill, and two people briefed on the U.S. decision told Reuters the missiles — which are yet to be manufactured — are not expected to be delivered until a couple of years into the 2030s.
The PAC-3 MSE is the most advanced Patriot interceptor variant currently in service and is one of the few weapons capable of shooting down incoming ballistic missiles. Ukraine's existing Patriot systems sit at the core of its air defenses, and interceptor stocks have been a persistent focus of Kyiv's appeals to its allies.
来源：GSM·美国（原文链接）
图片来源：图：美军「爱国者」导弹系统在 Croatia 参加演习。美国陆军照片，公共领域（Wikimedia Commons）。 / A U.S. Army Patriot missile system operating in Croatia. U.S. Army photo, public domain (Wikimedia Commons).
