过度捕捞名单降至15个、创历史新低：NOAA发布三份渔业旗舰报告，2024年全产业销售达3210亿美元
国家海洋和大气管理局（NOAA）渔业局10月30日发布三份旗舰报告：《2025年种群状况》国会年度报告、《2024年美国渔业》与《2024年美国渔业经济》，系统呈现美国海洋渔业的资源状况与经济影响。
NOAA 渔业局共追踪522个鱼类种群或种群组合。2025财年，该局完成173次种群评估，并有2次因科学工作改进而首次作出种群状态判定。
资源状况出现积极趋势：列入过度捕捞名单的种群从23个降至15个，创历史新低；在过度捕捞状态已知的372个种群中，96%未处于过度捕捞状态。列入种群枯竭（overfished）名单的仍为42个；在该状态已知的265个种群中，84%未枯竭。自2000年以来，已有52个种群完成重建；其中，大西洋蓝枪鱼自1998年以来首次移出过度捕捞名单，加州的 Quillback 石斑鱼（quillback rockfish）2025年列入重建名单。
经济方面，2024年美国商业捕捞、海产品与休闲渔业合计产生3210亿美元销售额，支撑170万个就业岗位。其中商业渔业上岸量77亿磅、收入49亿美元，支撑100万个就业岗位、1750亿美元销售额；休闲渔业支撑68.5万个就业岗位、1460亿美元销售额。
报告还显示，美国人均海产品消费量为18.4磅；2024年美国进口可食用海产品250亿美元、出口44亿美元；水产养殖产量5.61亿磅、价值13亿美元。全部数据可在 NOAA 渔业局的 Fisheries One Stop Shop 数据库查询。
Overfishing List Falls to a Record Low of 15 Stocks: NOAA Releases Three Flagship Fisheries Reports, With $321 Billion in 2024 Industry Sales
NOAA Fisheries, part of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), on October 30 released three flagship reports: the Status of Stocks 2025 annual report to Congress, the 2024 Fisheries of the United States, and the 2024 Fisheries Economics of the United States, covering the state of U.S. marine fisheries and their economic impact.
NOAA Fisheries tracks 522 stocks or stock complexes. In fiscal year 2025, it conducted 173 stock assessments and made two first-time stock status determinations resulting from improved or new scientific work.
The trends are positive: the number of stocks on the overfishing list fell from 23 to 15, an all-time low, and of the 372 stocks with a known overfishing status, 96 percent are not subject to overfishing. The number of stocks on the overfished list remained at 42; of the 265 stocks with a known overfished status, 84 percent are not overfished. A total of 52 stocks have been rebuilt since 2000. Notably, Atlantic blue marlin was removed from the overfishing list for the first time since 1998, and California's quillback rockfish was added to the rebuilt list in 2025.
On the economy, U.S. commercial fishing, seafood, and recreational fishing together generated $321 billion in sales and supported 1.7 million jobs in 2024. Commercial fisheries landed 7.7 billion pounds worth $4.9 billion, supporting 1 million jobs and $175 billion in sales, while recreational fishing supported 685,000 jobs and $146 billion in sales.
The reports also show U.S. seafood consumption at 18.4 pounds per person. In 2024 the United States imported $25 billion in edible seafood products and exported $4.4 billion, while aquaculture produced 561 million pounds of farmed seafood valued at $1.3 billion. The full datasets are available in NOAA Fisheries' Fisheries One Stop Shop database.
来源：GSM·美国（原文链接）
图片来源：图：Massachusetts州 Provincetown 的 MacMillan 码头渔船（NOAA Fisheries 官方图，公共领域）。 / Image: Fishing boats at MacMillan Pier in Provincetown, Massachusetts (NOAA Fisheries, public domain).
