教育部要求伊利诺伊州修改无家长同意的学生心理健康筛查指引：限11月13日前修订，称现行做法可能违反联邦家长权利法
美国教育部10月30日宣布，该部学生隐私政策办公室（SPPO）要求伊利诺伊州教育委员会（ISBE）修改其关于在未获家长同意情况下实施学生心理健康筛查、并把筛查档案与学生教育记录分开保存的指引。教育部称，按现有写法，这些做法可能违反《学生权利保护修正案》（PPRA）与《家庭教育权利与隐私法》（FERPA）。
背景是伊利诺伊州第104-0032号公共法：从2027-2028学年起，该州公立学校低至三年级的学生将参加心理健康筛查，筛查会探问学生情绪健康、抑郁、焦虑、创伤、自杀念头等敏感个人信息。ISBE 的指引设有退出（opt-out）条款、但不要求家长书面同意；教育部认为，这对 PPRA 要求须经同意的评估而言并不足够。指引还把评估结果是否纳入学生「正式」记录列为可选项，教育部称，这可能让一些学校把结果另存为非正式记录、拒绝向家长披露，以此规避家长查阅与质疑记录内容的权利，违反 FERPA。
「学生不应在家长不知情、未同意的情况下，被迫披露包括心理健康在内的敏感个人信息。」SPPO 主任弗兰克·米勒（Frank Miller）说，「家长同时应能获取有关孩子福祉的关键信息，而不是被学校藏匿或分隔记录。伊利诺伊州各学区必须遵守联邦法律，我们期望 ISBE 尽快修改其指引。」
教育部要求 ISBE 立即修订政策以符合 FERPA 与 PPRA，并须在2026年11月13日前提交修订后的指引；ISBE 的回应将决定教育部后续是否采取执法行动。教育部提醒，违反 FERPA 与 PPRA 可招致执法行动，并可能失去联邦资金。该部还提到，SPPO 已在2025年3月与2026年8月的「致同事信」中阐明相关义务；今年10月5日，教育部与司法部曾联名致信各州总检察长，提示学区在学生心理健康筛查方面遵守这两部联邦法律的情况令人担忧。
U.S. Department of Education Demands Revisions to Illinois Guidance on Conducting Mental Health Screenings without Parental Consent
The U.S. Department of Education announced on October 30 that its Student Privacy Policy Office (SPPO) has demanded revisions to the Illinois State Board of Education's (ISBE) guidance on administering mental health screenings without parental consent and separating the files from students' education records, practices the Department says could violate the Protection of Pupil Rights Amendment (PPRA) and the Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA).
Starting in the 2027-2028 school year, Illinois public school students as young as third graders will participate in mental health screenings mandated by Illinois Public Act 104-0032, probing intimate information about emotional well-being, depression, anxiety, trauma, and suicidal thoughts. ISBE's guidance provides an opt-out clause but does not require written parental consent, which the Department says is insufficient for required evaluations under PPRA; it also makes including evaluation results in a student's official record optional, which the Department says could let schools hide results from parents in unofficial records, in violation of FERPA.
"Students should not be pressured into disclosing intimate information, including mental health, about themselves without their parents knowing and consenting," said SPPO Director Frank Miller. "Illinois school districts must follow federal law, and we expect ISBE will revise its guidance as expeditiously as possible."
SPPO is demanding that ISBE revise its policies to be FERPA and PPRA compliant immediately, with revisions due by November 13, 2026; ISBE's response will guide the Department's next steps. Violations of FERPA and PPRA can lead to enforcement actions and potential loss of federal funding, the Department noted.
来源：GSM·美国（原文链接）
图片来源：图：美国教育部总部林登·约翰逊大楼（素材库 federal-core 固定图）。GSM 素材库。 / The U.S. Department of Education headquarters, the Lyndon B. Johnson Building. GSM asset library (federal-core pack).
