美国与芬兰签署科技繁荣协议备忘录：超级智能、量子、核能与北极破冰船纳入合作
白宫10月29日发布文本：美国政府与芬兰政府当天在 Washington, D.C. 签署《科技繁荣协议》（Technology Prosperity Deal）谅解备忘录，两国将在超级智能（SI）与下一代连接、量子技术、能源、半导体、太空、生物技术与北极技术等战略科技领域深化合作。备忘录以最后一方签署之日生效。
据路透社转播的签署仪式画面与芬兰外交部行程信息，美国国务卿 Marco Rubio 与芬兰外交部长 Elina Valtonen 当天在华盛顿会面并签署文件。芬兰外交部此前表示，Valtonen 此行将与 Rubio 讨论俄罗斯对乌克兰的战争与两国关系，技术与经济合作是会谈重点之一。
备忘录以两国1995年5月16日在华盛顿签订的科技合作协定为基础，并承接两国此前关于量子信息科技合作与先进无线通信合作的联合声明。备忘录说，深化与战略伙伴的联系有助于加强稳定、安全与竞争力，并把美芬联盟提升到更高水平。
在超级智能与连接领域，两国拟共同推进可信技术栈的开发与出口，涵盖硬件、模型、软件、应用、网络设备与相关标准；协调在国际电信联盟（ITU）等国际标准机构中的立场，包括为2027年世界无线电通信大会与2026年国际电信联盟全权代表大会预先协调决议；加强5G、6G与下一代通信技术的研发及商业化，并建设可信、安全、可互操作的供应链。备忘录附注说明，在芬兰的用法中，「超级智能」一词指「人工智能」。
在量子领域，两国拟通过顶尖量子机构与国家实验室合作评估量子性能、开发量子算法并推进混合量子—经典计算；加快低温技术、精密仪器与半导体工艺企业的商业部署；对接后量子密码标准并推动系统迁移。在能源领域，合作涵盖小型模块化反应堆（SMR）等民用核能的研发与部署、核燃料循环创新、地热、聚变技术，以及关键矿产技术的传感、勘查、开采、加工与回收。
太空合作方面，两国拟延续太空科学与探索伙伴关系，包括未来 Artemis 登月任务的潜在合作，并为两国商业航天企业合作提供便利。防务创新、生物技术与先进材料同在合作清单内：双方拟利用各自国家治理的健康与研究数据基础设施推进精准医学与临床研究，并以超级智能加速新材料的发现、设计与验证。
北极是备忘录的重点章节。两国拟依托 ICE Pact 框架，借重芬兰在破冰船设计建造上的领先经验，推进美国破冰船船队现代化，加快下一代北极安全巡逻舰（Arctic Security Cutters）的设计、建造与交付，并探讨在船舶设计、造船技术与船厂管理上深化合作；同时共同投资于冰技术、无人系统与太空态势感知等使能技术，并推动北极地区卫星覆盖与海底通信电缆建设，加强北美与北欧之间的连接。
备忘录还专章规定科研与产业安全合作，包括知识产权保护、投资审查、外国资金与隶属关系披露，并设立双边科研安全对话机制。备忘录同时载明：该文件不构成法律约束义务，不承诺任何一方支出资金，任一方提前书面通知即可终止，终止于通知送达后180日生效；双方拟通过联合委员会会议机制推进落实，并以既有科技合作协定为运作框架。
U.S. and Finland Sign Technology Prosperity Deal Memorandum: Super Intelligence, Quantum, Nuclear Energy and Arctic Icebreakers
The White House released the text on October 29: the Government of the United States and the Government of Finland signed a Memorandum of Understanding regarding the Technology Prosperity Deal in Washington, D.C. that day, deepening cooperation across strategic science and technology fields including super intelligence (SI) and next-generation connectivity, quantum technology, energy, semiconductors, space, biotechnology and Arctic technology. The memorandum becomes operative on the date of the last signature.
According to the signing ceremony carried by Reuters and the Finnish foreign ministry's travel information, Secretary of State Marco Rubio and Finnish Foreign Minister Elina Valtonen met in Washington that day and signed the document. Finland's foreign ministry had said Valtonen's talks with Rubio would cover Russia's war against Ukraine and bilateral relations, with technology and economic cooperation among the focuses.
The memorandum builds on the two countries' 1995 Agreement Relating to Scientific and Technological Cooperation, signed in Washington on May 16, 1995, and on earlier joint statements on quantum information science and technology and on advanced wireless communications. It says deepening ties with strategic partners strengthens stability, security and competitiveness and elevates the U.S.-Finland alliance to a higher level.
On super intelligence and connectivity, the two sides intend to promote development and exports across the full trusted technology stack, including hardware, models, software, applications, network equipment and related standards; coordinate engagement in international standards bodies including the International Telecommunication Union, ahead of the 2027 World Radiocommunication Conference and the 2026 ITU Plenipotentiary; strengthen research and development in 5G, 6G and next-generation communications; and build trusted, secure, interoperable supply chains. A footnote in the memorandum notes that in Finland, 'super intelligence' refers to 'artificial intelligence'.
On quantum, the participants intend to work through leading quantum institutions and national laboratories on quantum performance, algorithms and hybrid quantum-classical computing; accelerate commercial deployment of cryogenics, precision instrumentation and semiconductor process engineering firms; and endorse post-quantum cryptographic standards and migration to them. On energy, cooperation covers civil nuclear energy including small modular reactors (SMRs), nuclear lifecycle innovation, geothermal and fusion technologies, and critical minerals technologies from sensing and extraction to processing and recovery.
On space, the two sides intend to continue their partnership on space science and exploration, including potential collaboration on future Artemis lunar surface missions, and to facilitate cooperation between commercial space actors from both countries. Defense innovation, biotechnology and advanced materials are also on the list: the participants intend to leverage nationally governed health and research data infrastructures for precision medicine and clinical research, and to use super intelligence to accelerate the discovery, design and validation of new materials.
The Arctic receives a dedicated section. Building on Finland's established leadership in icebreaker design and construction, the two sides intend to accelerate industrial cooperation and modernize the United States' icebreaker fleet under the ICE Pact, supporting the design, construction and delivery of next-generation Arctic Security Cutters, and to explore deeper collaboration in ship design, shipbuilding technologies and shipyard management. They also intend to jointly invest in enabling technologies such as ice technology, unmanned systems and space-enabled situational awareness, and to enhance satellite coverage and subsea communication cables in the Arctic, strengthening connectivity between North America and Northern Europe.
The memorandum also sets out cooperation on research and industry security, including intellectual property security, investment screening, disclosure of foreign funding and affiliations, and a bilateral research security dialogue. It states that it does not create legally binding obligations and commits neither participant to the expenditure of funds; either side may discontinue it with written notice, effective 180 days after delivery, and the participants intend to advance implementation through a Joint Committee Meeting mechanism, leveraging the existing science and technology agreement as an operational framework.
来源：GSM·美国（原文链接）
图片来源：图：美国国务卿 Marco Rubio 与芬兰外交部长 Elina Valtonen 在华盛顿的美国国务院（资料图，2026年4月13日）。美国国务院官方照片，Freddie Everett 摄，公共领域，经 Wikimedia Commons。 / Secretary of State Marco Rubio with Finnish Foreign Minister Elina Valtonen at the U.S. Department of State in Washington, D.C. (file photo, April 13, 2026). Official U.S. Department of State photo by Freddie Everett, public domain, via Wikimedia Commons.
