国土安全部将华大基因、华大智造与华大集团列入《维吾尔强迫劳动预防法》实体清单 产品被推定强迫劳动禁止进口
美国国土安全部（DHS）10月28日宣布更新《维吾尔强迫劳动预防法》（UFLPA）实体清单，把三家中国基因组公司列入名单：华大基因（BGI Genomics Co., Ltd.）、华大智造（MGI Tech Co., Ltd.）与深圳华大基因科技有限公司（Shenzhen BGI Technology Co., Ltd.，即华大集团 BGI Group）。更新后的清单共190家实体，相关通告已提交《联邦公报》、定于10月29日正式刊登。
国土安全部以强迫劳动执法工作组（FLETF）主席身份发布这份更新。三家公司被列入清单第2(d)(2)(B)(ii)项子名单，该子名单收录与新疆维吾尔自治区政府合作、招募、运输、转移、窝藏或接收强迫劳动或维吾尔族、哈萨克族、吉尔吉斯族及其他受迫害群体成员离开新疆的实体；其中华大基因与深圳华大还同时被列入第(v)项子名单，该子名单收录从新疆或与新疆政府、新疆生产建设兵团有关人员处获取物料、用于「扶贫」「对口支援」或其他强迫劳动用工计划的设施与实体。
通告逐家说明列入理由：华大基因位于中国广东深圳，其控股股东正是同被列入的深圳华大基因科技，主业包括基因检测、质谱、生物信息分析等科研服务与精准医疗检测整体解决方案；美方称有合理依据相信，华大基因与新疆政府一道在新疆开展基因检测、作为其政府项目的一部分，这类检测被用于协助招募、运输、转移、窝藏或接收强迫劳动及相关群体成员。华大智造与深圳华大同属同一最终控股股东，专注生命科学与生物技术领域的仪器、试剂研发制造与销售；美方称有合理依据相信，华大智造向新疆政府提供了在新疆开展基因检测的能力。深圳华大即华大集团，建设并管理国家级生物数据与样本库中国国家基因库；美方称有合理依据相信其与新疆政府一道开展基因检测。
按UFLPA规定，自2022年6月21日起，海关与边境保护局（CBP）对清单实体生产的产品适用「可反驳推定」：推定其全部或部分以强迫劳动制成，依《1930年关税法》第307条（19 U.S.C. 1307）禁止进口美国，除非进口方能提出明确且令人信服的证据反驳。被列入的实体可向工作组主席提交移除申请并附支持材料，工作组各成员机构审议后以多数票决定，决定不可上诉，但可凭新信息再次申请。通告由国土安全部负责战略、政策与计划的副部长 Robert T. Law 署名。
据路透社10月28日报道，这是美国以强迫劳动为由对中国基因组企业的最新一轮进口限制；中国政府一贯否认新疆存在强迫劳动及其他侵权指控。
DHS Adds BGI Genomics, MGI Tech and BGI Group to the UFLPA Entity List, Barring Their Goods Under the Forced-Labor Presumption
The U.S. Department of Homeland Security (DHS) announced on October 28 an update to the Uyghur Forced Labor Prevention Act (UFLPA) Entity List, adding three Chinese genomics companies: BGI Genomics Co., Ltd., MGI Tech Co., Ltd., and Shenzhen BGI Technology Co., Ltd., also known as the BGI Group. The updated list now covers 190 entities; the notice has been filed with the Federal Register and is scheduled for formal publication on October 29.
DHS issued the update as chair of the Forced Labor Enforcement Task Force (FLETF). All three companies were added to the section 2(d)(2)(B)(ii) sub-list, which covers entities working with the government of the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region to recruit, transport, transfer, harbor or receive forced labor or Uyghurs, Kazakhs, Kyrgyz or members of other persecuted groups out of Xinjiang. BGI Genomics and Shenzhen BGI Technology were also added to the section 2(d)(2)(B)(v) sub-list, covering facilities and entities that source material from Xinjiang or from persons working with the Xinjiang government or the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps for the 'poverty alleviation' or 'pairing-assistance' programs or any other government labor scheme that uses forced labor.
The notice sets out the basis for each addition. BGI Genomics, based in Shenzhen, Guangdong, and controlled by Shenzhen BGI Technology, provides research services and precision-medicine testing solutions through gene testing, mass spectrometry, bioinformatics and multimodal analysis; the U.S. government said it has reasonable cause to believe BGI Genomics conducts genetic testing in Xinjiang alongside the regional government as part of its government initiatives, and that such testing is used to facilitate the recruitment, transport, transfer, harboring or receiving of forced labor and members of the named groups. MGI Tech, under the same ultimate controlling shareholder, develops and sells life-science instruments and reagents, and was found to have provisioned genetic testing capacity to the Xinjiang government. Shenzhen BGI Technology, the BGI Group, which built and manages the China National GeneBank, was found to conduct genetic testing in Xinjiang alongside the regional government.
Under the UFLPA, since June 21, 2022, U.S. Customs and Border Protection applies a rebuttable presumption that goods produced by listed entities are made with forced labor and are therefore barred from importation under section 307 of the Tariff Act of 1930 (19 U.S.C. 1307), unless importers rebut the presumption with clear and convincing evidence. Listed entities may request removal with supporting information; FLETF member agencies review and decide by majority vote, and while the decision is not appealable, a fresh request may be filed with new information. The notice was signed by Robert T. Law, Under Secretary for Strategy, Policy and Plans at DHS.
Reuters reported on October 28 that the move is the latest U.S. import restriction on Chinese genomics companies over forced-labor allegations; Beijing has regularly dismissed accusations of forced labor and other abuses in Xinjiang.
来源：GSM·美国（原文链接）
图片来源：华大集团（BGI Group）标识。/ The BGI Group logo. By Coy Tinker, CC0, via Wikimedia Commons
