英国财政大臣John Healey公布首份预算案：借款占比逐年下降 最低工资升至每小时13.20英镑
英国财政大臣John Healey10月28日在议会公布其上任后的首份预算案，主打生活成本纾困与财政纪律。本站今日稍早报道了财政部在预算案前公布的五项民生措施；预算案本案给出了完整的经济预测与收支安排。
Healey在预算演讲开场说：「这是一份为英国劳动人民、为大大小小的英国企业而写的预算案。它在全球不确定与压力席卷世界、冲击国内民众之时出台。这份预算以财政纪律为根基，把今天的即时行动与未来的清晰方向结合起来。」他表示，预算责任办公室（OBR）确认，政府对稳定规则的余量在2029/30年度为150亿英镑、2030/31年度升至220亿英镑；政府借款占国内生产总值（GDP）的比重将从今年的4.2%逐年降至明年的3.4%、2028/29年度的2.9%，并在2030/31与2031/32年度降至1.8%。OBR预测英国经济今年增长1.2%、明年1.1%、2028年1.6%。Healey说，他动用了去年建立的部分余量来吸收伊朗战争的冲击，以保护经济与家庭预算。
民生措施方面：燃气账单的固定日费（standing charges）将自2027年起取消；为氢能项目筹资的征费将从能源账单中移除、转入一般税收，电费增值税减免延长至7月，可使年度价格上限下降约50英镑，市政税A至D档家庭另获100英镑能源补贴。21岁以上全国生活工资上调约4%，至每小时13.20英镑（原为12.71英镑）；18至21岁最低工资升至每小时11.27英镑。全额国家养老金上调3.9%，自明年4月起达每年13,036英镑；由于这一数字将超过12,570英镑的个人免税额，低收入养老金领取者的免税额同步提高至13,036英镑。燃油税每升5便士的临时减免延长至7月。
Healey公布预算时的经济背景并不轻松：英国借贷成本处于近30年高位、通胀回升，他需要在不惊扰债券市场、不压灭增长的前提下重建财政余量。路透社在预算前指出，财政部已先行宣布的措施还包括约五年内向国家商业贷款机构与基础设施银行提供204亿英镑额外支持、削减企业文书负担与延长部分贸易关税暂停（每年为企业省约8亿英镑）等。
UK Chancellor John Healey Delivers First Budget: Borrowing Share to Fall Year by Year, Minimum Wage Rises to £13.20 an Hour
British finance minister John Healey delivered his first budget in Parliament on Wednesday, October 28, built around cost-of-living relief and fiscal discipline. GSM reported earlier on Wednesday the five household measures the Treasury had announced ahead of the budget; the budget itself set out the full economic forecasts and tax-and-spending plans.
Opening his speech, Healey said: 'This is a budget for the working people of Britain, for British businesses, big and small, delivered at a time when global uncertainties and pressures are swirling worldwide and hitting people here at home. A budget built on fiscal discipline, which matches immediate action today, with clear direction for the future.' He said the Office for Budget Responsibility (OBR) had confirmed headroom against the government's stability rule of £15 billion in 2029/30, rising to £22 billion in 2030/31, and that government borrowing would fall from 4.2% of GDP this year to 3.4% next year, 2.9% in 2028/29 and 1.8% in 2030/31 and 2031/32. The OBR forecasts the economy to grow by 1.2% this year, 1.1% next year and 1.6% in 2028. Healey said he had used some of the headroom built up last year to absorb the impact of the Iran war, to protect the economy and family budgets.
On household measures, standing charges on gas bills will be scrapped from 2027; a levy funding hydrogen projects will be removed from energy bills and shifted to general taxation; and a VAT cut on electricity bills will be extended to July, taking about £50 off the annual price cap, with households in council tax bands A–D also receiving a £100 household energy payment. The national living wage for workers aged 21 and over rises by almost 4% to £13.20 an hour, from £12.71, while the minimum wage for 18- to 21-year-olds rises to £11.27. The full state pension rises by 3.9% to £13,036 a year from next April; because that takes it above the £12,570 personal allowance, the tax-free allowance for low-income pensioners has been raised to £13,036. The 5p-a-litre cut in fuel duty is extended to July.
Healey delivered the budget against a difficult backdrop, with borrowing costs at a near 30-year high and inflation rising, and with the task of rebuilding fiscal headroom without extinguishing growth or spooking the bond markets. Reuters noted ahead of the budget that previously announced measures also included £20.4 billion of additional support over roughly half a decade for a state business lender and an infrastructure bank, and plans to cut paperwork and extend the suspension of some trade tariffs, helping businesses save almost £800 million a year.
来源：GSM·美国（原文链接）
图片来源：位于伦敦Westminster的英国财政部大楼。照片：Jim Osley，CC BY-SA 2.0，经Wikimedia Commons（geograph.org.uk）。
- 2026-10-28 00:30英国财政部在预算案前公布五项民生措施：商务里程免税额永久化、育儿津贴扩围、逾百种进口商品免关税
- 2026-10-28 06:28英国财政大臣John Healey公布首份预算案：借款占比逐年下降 最低工资升至每小时13.20英镑本篇
