欧盟推出气候韧性框架与立法提案：以1.5至3摄氏度升温轨迹做风险基准，成员国须制定国家韧性计划
欧盟委员会10月27日在布鲁塞尔公布新的「欧盟气候韧性框架」并提出《欧洲气候韧性法》提案，要求各成员国制定国家气候韧性战略计划、明确负责机构，并以一套共同的升温轨迹作为风险评估与投资决策的基准：相对工业化前水平，2030年升温1.5摄氏度、2050年2摄氏度、2100年3摄氏度。
委员会表示，2022年至2025年欧洲的气候损害损失估计达2,000亿欧元，相当于每年约500亿欧元；欧洲75%的人口居住在城市地区。今年夏季的极端天气造成超过35,000人死亡，并烧毁约70万公顷土地。欧洲央行的一项发现被委员会引用：私人保险公司平均只覆盖约四分之一的气候损害。框架还包括筹建「气候保险联盟」，首批措施计划于2027年底前推出；一个数字可视化工具于10月28日上线。
委员会主席 Ursula von der Leyen、执行副主席 Teresa Ribera 与气候行动委员 Wopke Hoekstra 表示，欧洲必须在设计上做到「天生韧性」，否则将面对「默认的灾难」。Hoekstra 说，韧性建设是欧洲在气候风险上升背景下保护居民、基础设施与经济的必要投资。
按提案，国家气候韧性战略计划最迟须于2030年12月31日前制定完成；立法提案其后须经欧洲议会与理事会审议。
EU Unveils Climate Resilience Framework and Proposed Law: Common Warming Trajectory, National Resilience Plans Required
The European Commission presented a new EU Framework for Climate Resilience in Brussels on October 27, together with a proposed European Climate Resilience Law. Member states will have to draw up national climate-resilience strategic plans and clearly identify the authorities responsible, using a common reference warming trajectory for risk assessment and investment decisions: 1.5°C above pre-industrial levels by 2030, 2°C by 2050 and 3°C by 2100.
The Commission estimates climate-damage losses in Europe at about €200 billion over 2022-2025, roughly €50 billion a year, and notes that 75% of Europeans live in cities and urban areas. Extreme weather this summer claimed more than 35,000 lives and burned roughly 700,000 hectares. Citing a European Central Bank finding, the Commission said private insurers cover on average only about a quarter of climate damage. The package also includes a planned Climate Insurance Alliance, with initial measures by the end of 2027, and a digital visualisation tool launched on October 28.
Commission President Ursula von der Leyen, Executive Vice-President Teresa Ribera and Commissioner Wopke Hoekstra said Europe must be 'resilient by design' rather than face 'disaster by default', describing resilience investment as necessary to protect people, infrastructure and the economy as climate risks rise.
Under the proposal, national climate-resilience strategic plans are to be in place by December 31, 2030 at the latest. The proposed law will now be considered by the European Parliament and the Council.
来源：GSM·美国（原文链接）
图片来源：葡萄牙马德拉岛的桉树林火灾（资料图）。anagh 摄，CC BY-SA 3.0，经 Wikimedia Commons。 / An eucalyptus forest fire in Madeira, Portugal (file photo). Photo by anagh, CC BY-SA 3.0, via Wikimedia Commons.
