世界银行《贫困、繁荣与地球报告2026》：全球约8.11亿人日均生活费不足3美元，就业是减贫关键
世界银行10月26日在华盛顿发布两年一度的旗舰报告《贫困、繁荣与地球报告2026》，主题为「让就业成为消除贫困的中心」。报告基于130多个经济体的新数据估计，2026年全球约有8.11亿人、即每十人中有一人，每天生活费不足3美元，这一比例自新冠疫情以来基本没有变化。
报告指出，若人均增长不加快，到2030年极端贫困人口预计将比今天更多；要在2050年前把极端贫困率降至3%，需要每年约4%的人均增长，是过去25年速度的两倍。全球一半以上的极端贫困人口集中在仅九个经济体；到2030年，估计87%的极端贫困人口将位于撒哈拉以南非洲或脆弱与受冲突影响地区。另有37亿人、接近全球人口一半，每天生活费不足8.30美元，这一数字自1990年以来停滞不前。报告说明，每天3美元是低收入国家的贫困标准，8.30美元是中高收入国家的标准。
报告测算，把贫困家庭的就业率提高到75%（可通过弥合性别就业差距实现），可把极端贫困减少约五分之一；把贫困劳动者的教育水平提高到贫困线以上人口的平均水平，预计可使其收入增加约40%、极端贫困近乎减半；让劳动者转向工资性工作或离开农业，也可带来约五分之一的减幅。
世界银行繁荣事务副行长 Pablo Saavedra 与首席经济学家 Michael Kremer 表示，创造更多、更好的就业是扭转减贫停滞的关键。
World Bank Poverty Report 2026: About 811 Million People Live on Under $3 a Day, With Jobs Central to Cutting Poverty
The World Bank released its flagship biennial Poverty, Prosperity, and Planet Report 2026 in Washington on October 26, under the theme 'Jobs at the Center of Poverty Eradication'. Drawing on new data from more than 130 economies, the report estimates that about 811 million people, one in ten worldwide, live on less than $3.00 a day in 2026, a rate essentially unchanged since the pandemic.
Without stronger growth in income per person, the number of people in extreme poverty is projected to be higher in 2030 than it is today, the report says. Reaching a 3% extreme poverty rate by 2050 would require per-capita growth of about 4% a year, twice the pace of the past 25 years. More than half of the world's extreme poor live in just nine economies, and by 2030 an estimated 87% will be in Sub-Saharan Africa or in fragile and conflict-affected settings. A further 3.7 billion people, nearly half the world, live on less than $8.30 a day, a figure that has stagnated since 1990. The $3.00 line reflects the standard for low-income countries and $8.30 the standard for upper-middle-income countries.
The report calculates that raising poor households' employment rate to 75%, attainable by closing the gender employment gap, would cut extreme poverty by roughly one-fifth. Raising poor workers' education to the average of those above the line is predicted to lift their earnings by about 40% and nearly halve extreme poverty, while moving workers into wage jobs or out of agriculture could deliver a similar one-fifth reduction.
Pablo Saavedra, the World Bank's Vice President for Prosperity, and Chief Economist Michael Kremer said creating more and better jobs is key to putting poverty reduction back on track.
来源：GSM·美国（原文链接）
图片来源：位于华盛顿的世界银行集团总部大楼。Victorgrigas 摄，CC BY-SA 3.0，经 Wikimedia Commons。 / The World Bank Group headquarters in Washington. Photo by Victorgrigas, CC BY-SA 3.0, via Wikimedia Commons.
