11月3日全美39州表决145项州级公投提案：选举政策类提案数量创纪录，选民身份证与投票资格成焦点

据选举资讯机构 Ballotpedia 统计，11月3日中期选举投票日，全美39个州的选民将表决145项州级公投提案。选民在决定国会席位归属之外，还将直接就堕胎、选区重划、投票规则、税收与住房等州级政策作出决定。Ballotpedia于10月19日发布了本届最值得关注的50项提案名单。

Ballotpedia的数据显示，2026年全美共有164项州级提案在40个州获得上榜资格，其中19项已在较早的选举日表决。11月3日表决的145项低于2000年至2024年偶数年11月选举日提案数163项的平均水平。按主题划分，税收、支出与商业规制类最多，共48项，其中包括8项所得税与财富税提案、12项房产税提案；宪法权利类14项；堕胎、性别议题类10项；住房类6项，为2006年以来单年最多。

选举政策是今年的一大焦点。Ballotpedia统计，全州层面的选举政策类提案有34项，包括6项投票公民资格要求提案、6项选民身份证提案和7项公投程序提案；全国州议会会议（NCSL）则统计称，与选举相关的提案共39项，创下历史新高。选区重划方面，密苏里、马里兰与科罗拉多三州均有相关提案付诸表决。

Ballotpedia选票团队执行编辑 Ryan Byrne 表示，11月3日选民将就「谁可以投票、州里如何征收所得税与财富税」等范围广泛的问题直接作出政策决定，该机构的目标是为每一项提案提供清晰、中立的说明，包括提案内容、支持与反对双方及其所处的政策背景。

Voters in 39 States to Decide 145 Statewide Ballot Measures on November 3, With a Record Number on Election Policy

Voters in 39 states will decide 145 statewide ballot measures at the general election on November 3, according to Ballotpedia, the nonpartisan election information organization, which released its list of the top 50 measures to watch on October 19. Alongside the contests for Congress, voters will rule directly on state-level policy questions covering abortion, redistricting, voting rules, taxes and housing.

Ballotpedia reports that 164 statewide measures were certified for the ballot in 40 states in 2026, with the remaining 19 decided at earlier election dates. The 145 measures on the November 3 ballot are below the average of 163 statewide measures that appeared on November ballots in even-numbered years from 2000 to 2024. By topic, taxes, spending and business regulation account for 48 measures, including eight on income and wealth taxes and 12 on property taxes, followed by 14 on constitutional rights, 10 on abortion, sex and gender policy, and six on housing, the most in a single year since 2006.

Election policy is a central theme this year. Ballotpedia counts 34 statewide measures on election policy, including six on citizenship requirements for voting, six on voter identification and seven on the initiative and referendum process, while the National Conference of State Legislatures puts the total number of election-related measures at 39, a record high. Redistricting is also on the ballot in Missouri, Maryland and Colorado.

Ryan Byrne, Ballotpedia's Ballots Team managing editor, said voters will be making policy decisions directly on November 3 on questions ranging from who can vote to how states tax income and wealth, and that the list is a starting point for voters, journalists and researchers seeking clear, neutral information on every measure.

来源：GSM·美国（原文链接）

图片来源：图：加利福尼亚州圣克拉拉县选民登记处设置的官方选票投递箱（资料图）。CC BY-SA 4.0，来源：Wikimedia Commons / Photo: An official ballot drop box of the Santa Clara County Registrar of Voters in California (file photo). CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons.

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