国际劳工组织报告：全球6650万家政工人逾五分之四无正式劳动保障
国际劳工组织（ILO）发布的新报告显示，全球约有6650万名家政工人，其中逾五分之四在2025年仍没有正式劳动保障、属于非正规就业，意味着他们不在劳动法和社会保障的正式覆盖范围之内。
家政工人包括住家和非住家的保姆、保洁员、老人与病患照护人员等，其中女性占绝大多数，不少人是跨国移民工人。由于工作地点是私人家庭，这一群体长期处于劳动监察的盲区；在许多国家和地区，最低工资、工时上限、带薪休假以及养老、医疗等社会保障并不自动适用于家政工人，一旦失业、生病或年老，往往缺乏基本保障。
国际劳工组织长期呼吁各国把家政工作纳入正式劳动保障体系，并推动批准2011年通过的《家政工人公约》（第189号公约）——该公约要求家政工人享有与一般工人同等的劳动权利与社会保护。报告显示，尽管部分国家已改革立法，全球家政工人的保障覆盖进展仍然缓慢。
ILO Report: Over Four-Fifths of the World's 66.5 Million Domestic Workers Lack Formal Labor Protection
A new report by the International Labour Organization (ILO) finds that of the world's roughly 66.5 million domestic workers, more than four in five still had no formal labor protection in 2025 and worked informally, leaving them outside the formal coverage of labor law and social security.
Domestic workers include live-in and live-out nannies, cleaners and caregivers for the elderly and the sick. Women make up the large majority, and many are migrant workers. Because their workplace is a private home, the group has long sat at the margins of labor inspection; in many countries and regions, minimum wages, limits on working hours, paid leave and pension and health coverage do not automatically apply to domestic workers, who are left exposed when they lose a job, fall ill or grow old.
The ILO has long urged governments to bring domestic work into formal labor protection systems and to ratify the Domestic Workers Convention (No. 189), adopted in 2011, which requires that domestic workers enjoy labor rights and social protection equal to those of other workers. Despite legislative reforms in some countries, progress on coverage remains slow, the report shows.
来源：GSM·美国（原文链接）
图片来源：图：一名家政工人在擦拭住宅窗户（资料图，摄于伊斯坦布尔）。照片：l0da_ralta，CC BY 2.0，经 Wikimedia Commons。/ Photo: A domestic worker cleaning a home window in Istanbul (file photo). Photo by l0da_ralta, CC BY 2.0, via Wikimedia Commons.
