美国9月耐用品新订单增长1.8%至3454亿美元：运输设备订单增4.6%领涨，过去七个月六个月上升
美国人口普查局（U.S. Census Bureau）10月27日发布的9月耐用品制造商出货、库存与订单月度先行报告（编号 CB 26-169）显示，美国9月制成耐用品新订单增加63亿美元、增幅1.8%，达到3454亿美元；这是过去七个月中第六个月上升，此前8月的增幅为0.1%。耐用品指预期使用年限在三年以上的制成品，包括飞机、汽车、机械与家电等。
分项看，运输设备是本月增长的主要来源：运输设备新订单增加52亿美元、增幅4.6%，达到1198亿美元，为过去三个月中第二个月上升。剔除运输设备后，新订单增长0.5%；剔除国防后，新订单增长2.2%。这意味着9月订单的回升主要由运输设备带动，其余类别的增幅相对温和。
这份数据在美联储10月27日至28日召开货币政策会议的当天发布。耐用品订单是观察美国制造业需求与企业设备支出的先行指标之一，订单构成中运输设备占比大、月度波动也大，市场通常同时观察剔除运输与剔除国防后的口径，以判断制造业需求的底层走势。人口普查局的这份先行报告基于制造商调查，数据经季节性调整、但未经价格因素调整，下一次发布定于11月25日。
同一报告的其他分项：9月耐用品出货增加30亿美元、增幅0.9%，达到3368亿美元，为过去十个月中第九个月上升，8月为下降0.2%；未完成订单增加136亿美元、增幅0.8%，达到1.6236万亿美元；库存连续第十二个月上升，增加19亿美元、增幅0.3%，达到6100亿美元。市场关注的企业设备支出指标——剔除飞机的非国防资本品新订单9月为880.39亿美元、增长0.5%，其出货增长1.2%。
U.S. Durable Goods New Orders Rise 1.8 Percent in September to $345.4 Billion, Led by Transportation Equipment
New orders for manufactured durable goods in September rose $6.3 billion, or 1.8 percent, to $345.4 billion, the U.S. Census Bureau announced on October 27 in its Monthly Advance Report on Durable Goods Manufacturers' Shipments, Inventories and Orders (release CB 26-169). The increase, the sixth in the past seven months, followed a 0.1 percent increase in August. Durable goods are manufactured products expected to last three years or more, including aircraft, automobiles, machinery and appliances.
Transportation equipment led the increase, rising $5.2 billion, or 4.6 percent, to $119.8 billion, its second increase in the past three months. Excluding transportation, new orders increased 0.5 percent. Excluding defense, new orders increased 2.2 percent. The figures indicate that September's gain was driven mainly by transportation equipment, with more moderate growth in the remaining categories.
The report was released on the day the Federal Reserve began its October 27-28 policy meeting. Durable goods orders are a leading indicator of U.S. manufacturing demand and business equipment spending; because transportation orders are large and volatile, analysts also watch the ex-transportation and ex-defense readings to gauge underlying demand. The Census Bureau's advance report is based on its manufacturers' survey, is seasonally adjusted but not adjusted for price changes, and the next release is scheduled for November 25, 2026.
Other figures in the same report: shipments of manufactured durable goods rose $3.0 billion, or 0.9 percent, to $336.8 billion in September, the ninth increase in the past ten months, following a 0.2 percent decrease in August; unfilled orders rose $13.6 billion, or 0.8 percent, to $1,623.6 billion; and inventories rose for the twelfth consecutive month, up $1.9 billion, or 0.3 percent, to $610.0 billion. New orders for nondefense capital goods excluding aircraft, a closely watched gauge of business equipment spending, rose 0.5 percent to $88.039 billion, while shipments of that category rose 1.2 percent.
来源：GSM·美国（原文链接）
图片来源：位于 Maryland 州 Suitland 的美国人口普查局总部大楼，入口上方可见 United States Census Bureau 字样（资料图）。美国人口普查局作品，公共领域，经 Wikimedia Commons。 / The U.S. Census Bureau headquarters in Suitland, Maryland (file photo). U.S. Census Bureau work, public domain, via Wikimedia Commons.
