马来西亚新规下首张稀土出口许可发给美资控股初创公司DTEC：最多700吨碳酸稀土运往美国研究，首批约30吨本周末启运
据路透社10月27日报道，一家由美国公民控股的初创公司已获准把马来西亚的稀土原料出口到美国做研究——公司首席执行官 Milan Perlly 表示，这是马来西亚本月放宽稀土出口规则以来发出的第一张许可。获批企业 DTEC Mineral and Metal Technology 可从霹雳州（Perak）出口最多700公吨碳酸稀土，首批约30吨预计本周末启运。
Perlly 在采访中说，这批原料将送往美国企业与研究机构，用于测试从马来西亚离子型黏土矿中分离、提炼稀土元素的技术。DTEC 在马来西亚注册，51%股权由美国公民持有，出身马来西亚的 Perlly 本人也是股东之一。马来西亚自然资源部未回应路透社的置评请求；彭博社上周报道该部已在新规下批准了一份出口申请，但没有点名企业。
马来西亚2024年以保护本国资源为由禁止原矿稀土出口，但曾作为霹雳州试点采矿项目的一部分，允许部分原料运往稀土最大生产国中国。本月，马来西亚进一步放宽限制，发布有条件出口原矿稀土用于研究或加工的指引，希望发展本土提炼能力，同时抓住西方国家为减少对中国稀土依赖而增长的需求。
Perlly 表示，DTEC 计划三年内在马来西亚建成一座加工厂，他说：「我们的目的，是真正培养马来西亚的人才、技术和支撑稀土扩张的产业生态。」他还说，美国进出口银行（Export-Import Bank of the United States）已表达支持意向，可为拟建的马来西亚精炼厂提供最高6.5亿美元融资；该银行与美国驻吉隆坡大使馆未立即回应置评。美国大使馆10月14日表示，已有十多家美国公司在考察马来西亚的上游与中游加工项目。
据马来西亚政府估计，该国稀土储量约1,610万公吨，但缺乏开采与加工技术。此次合作正值华盛顿加紧发展更新、更清洁的稀土提炼技术、试图打破中国在该领域的主导地位之际；马来西亚也在积极为稀土产业招引外资。
First Permit Under Malaysia's Eased Rare-Earth Rules Goes to U.S.-Majority-Owned DTEC: Up to 700 Tons of Rare-Earth Carbonate to Ship to the U.S. for Research
A U.S.-majority-owned startup has received permission to export rare-earth material from Malaysia to the United States for research, in what its chief executive said was the first approval issued under Malaysia's newly eased export rules, Reuters reported on October 27. The permit allows DTEC Mineral and Metal Technology to export up to 700 metric tons of rare-earth carbonate from Perak state, with an initial shipment of about 30 tons expected this weekend, CEO Milan Perlly said in an interview.
Perlly said the material will be sent to U.S. companies and research institutions to test technologies for separating and refining rare-earth elements from Malaysia's ionic clay deposits. DTEC is registered in Malaysia, with 51% owned by U.S. citizens, including Malaysian-born Perlly. Malaysia's natural resources ministry did not respond to a request for comment. Bloomberg reported last week that the ministry had granted a single export application under the new rules, but did not name the company.
Malaysia imposed a ban on the export of raw rare earths in 2024 to protect domestic resources, but has allowed some shipments to China, the largest producer of the critical minerals, as part of a pilot mining project in Perak. This month, Malaysia eased restrictions further, releasing guidelines on the conditional export of raw rare earths for research or processing purposes, in a bid to develop local refining capabilities and capitalise on growing demand from Western nations seeking to reduce reliance on China.
Perlly said DTEC aims to build a processing plant in Malaysia within the next three years. 'Our purpose is to really develop Malaysian talent, know-how and an ecosystem of industries supporting rare earths expansion in the country,' he said. The firm has received an expression of support from the Export-Import Bank of the United States for potential financing of up to $650 million for the proposed Malaysian refinery, he said. The bank and the U.S. embassy in Kuala Lumpur did not immediately respond to requests for comment. The embassy said on October 14 that more than a dozen U.S. companies were exploring potential upstream and midstream processing projects in Malaysia.
The Southeast Asian country has some 16.1 million metric tons of rare-earth deposits, according to government estimates, but lacks the technology to mine and process them. The cooperation comes as Washington races to develop newer and cleaner technologies in rare-earth refining in a bid to break China's dominance in the sector, while Malaysia actively seeks foreign investment in rare earths.
来源：GSM·美国（原文链接）
图片来源：图：独居石（Monazite）矿物标本——独居石是稀土元素的重要矿石来源（资料图，标本藏于德国波恩矿物学博物馆）。图片：Ra'ike 摄，CC BY-SA 3.0（Wikimedia Commons）。Photo: A monazite specimen; monazite is an important ore of rare-earth elements (file photo; specimen at the Mineralogical Museum, Bonn, Germany). Credit: Ra'ike, CC BY-SA 3.0, via Wikimedia Commons.
