环保署发布MOVES6机动车排放模型：2028年10月后各州新合规分析须改用新版
美国环境保护署（EPA）10月27日通过《联邦纪事》公告，正式发布新一代机动车排放模型MOVES6，取代现行MOVES5，用于估算汽车、卡车等机动车的污染物排放。
环保署为新模型设置了两年过渡期：2028年10月27日之后，除使用自有模型的加利福尼亚州外，各州新开展的交通合规性分析必须使用MOVES6。州实施计划（SIP）不设过渡期，应尽快改用新版模型。MOVES系列模型是州和地方交通、环保部门进行交通规划与空气质量合规分析的官方工具，分析结果关系到公路项目能否获得联邦批准。
环保署表示，MOVES6已计入近年政策变化的影响，包括2026年2月终局的温室气体危害认定撤销规则、国会取消加州《先进清洁卡车》豁免的决议，以及电动车激励措施的减少；受这些因素影响，新版模型对未来电动车占比的预测低于旧版。
EPA Releases MOVES6 Vehicle Emissions Model: New Conformity Analyses Must Use It After October 2028
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) on October 27 announced in the Federal Register the release of MOVES6, its new-generation motor vehicle emissions model, replacing MOVES5 for estimating pollutant emissions from cars, trucks, and other motor vehicles.
The EPA set a two-year grace period: for new transportation conformity analyses started after October 27, 2028, every state except California, which uses its own model, must use MOVES6. No grace period applies to state implementation plans (SIPs), which should move to the new model as soon as possible. The MOVES models are the official tools state and local transportation and air agencies use for transportation planning and air quality conformity analysis, which determines whether highway projects can receive federal approval.
The EPA said MOVES6 reflects recent policy changes, including the February 2026 final rescission of the greenhouse gas endangerment finding and vehicle standards, Congress's disapproval of California's Advanced Clean Trucks waiver, and reduced incentives for electric vehicles; as a result, the new model projects a lower future share of electric vehicles than its predecessor.
来源：GSM·美国（原文链接）
图片来源：图：洛杉矶高速公路车流（示意），Wikimedia Commons，CC BY-SA授权
