疾控中心发布2026年耐药威胁报告：19种病原体上榜 年感染约970万例、死亡50800人
美国疾病控制与预防中心（CDC）10月26日发布《2026年抗微生物药物耐药威胁报告》：全美共有19种耐药病原体被列入威胁名单。按2023年数据估算，这些病原体每年在美国造成约970万例感染、约50,800人死亡，其中约4万例死亡与医疗相关感染有关，相关医疗费用约120亿美元。
报告将威胁分为三级。紧急威胁4种：耳念珠菌（Candidozyma auris）、耐碳青霉烯类鲍曼不动杆菌、耐碳青霉烯类肠杆菌目细菌（CRE）和耐药淋病奈瑟菌。严重威胁13种，包括今年新列入的耐药脑膜炎奈瑟菌；艰难梭菌因防控进展由紧急级下调至严重级。关注级2种：耐克林霉素B组链球菌和耐药A组链球菌。另有6种病原体列入观察名单。
耳念珠菌是报告中最受关注的病原体：其感染病例较2019年增加约10倍，主要在长期护理机构等医疗场所传播，可在皮肤和物体表面长期存活，侵入性感染死亡率高达30%至60%，且对多种抗真菌药物耐药。疾控中心指出，由于统计方法变更，除耳念珠菌外，本次报告的数据不能与往年报告直接比较。
美国传染病学会主席温迪·阿姆斯特朗（Wendy Armstrong）表示，微生物的进化速度超过了新药研发的速度，应对耐药威胁需要持续投入新抗生素、疫苗、快速诊断和感染预防。疾控中心呼吁医疗机构加强感染控制、规范抗生素使用，减缓耐药性的产生和传播。
CDC Releases 2026 Antimicrobial Resistance Threats Report: 19 Pathogens Listed, About 9.7 Million Infections a Year
The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) on October 26 released its 2026 Antimicrobial Resistance Threats Report, listing 19 drug-resistant pathogens as threats in the United States. Based on 2023 data, the CDC estimates these pathogens cause about 9.7 million infections and roughly 50,800 deaths in the United States each year, with about 40,000 of the deaths linked to health care-associated infections and related health care costs of about $12 billion.
The report ranks threats in three tiers. Four are urgent threats: the fungus Candidozyma auris (Candida auris), carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter, carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE), and drug-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Thirteen are serious threats, including newly listed drug-resistant Neisseria meningitidis; Clostridioides difficile was moved down from urgent to serious as control efforts progressed. Two are concerning threats: clindamycin-resistant Group B Streptococcus and drug-resistant Group A Streptococcus. Six additional pathogens were placed on a watch list.
Candidozyma auris drew the most attention in the report: infections have risen about tenfold since 2019. The fungus spreads mainly in health care settings such as long-term care facilities, survives for long periods on skin and surfaces, is resistant to multiple antifungal drugs, and kills 30 to 60 percent of patients with invasive infections. The CDC cautioned that, because of changes in methodology, the new figures cannot be directly compared with earlier reports except for C. auris.
Wendy Armstrong, president of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, said microbes evolve faster than new drugs are developed, and that fighting resistance requires sustained investment in new antibiotics, vaccines, rapid diagnostics, and infection prevention. The CDC urged health care facilities to strengthen infection control and use antibiotics judiciously to slow the emergence and spread of resistance.
来源：GSM·美国（原文链接）
图片来源：图：疾控中心（CDC）《2026年抗微生物药物耐药威胁报告》官网题图，美国政府作品，公共领域
