美国最高法院拒绝恢复移民法官暂缓遣返案件权：维持联邦政府与得克萨斯州协议 「行政关闭」继续被禁
美国最高法院10月27日（周二）拒绝恢复移民法官暂时搁置遣返案件的权力，驳回 Baltimore 等三个城市与一个移民法律倡导组织提出的紧急申请，维持联邦政府与得克萨斯州之间终止「行政关闭」做法的协议在诉讼期间继续有效。
最高法院的裁定以一句话的简短命令形式作出，未附任何解释，也没有任何一位大法官公开表示异议。紧急申请方请求最高法院在相关诉讼继续期间，先行叫停该协议、恢复移民法官使用「行政关闭」的权限，未获批准。
「行政关闭」是移民法官数十年来使用的一种案件管理做法：法官可以把某些遣返案件暂时移出审理日程，等待可能影响结果的其他程序先行处理，例如当事人另有签证申请在审理中，或刑事定罪的上诉尚未结案。多年来，这一做法已被用于数十万宗遣返案件。
本案源于今年6月22日：得克萨斯州当天向联邦法院起诉挑战这一做法，联邦政府与得州同日向得州一家联邦法院提交协议，同意废止该做法，联邦法官同日批准了协议。Baltimore 等申请方则主张，联邦政府与得州不当合谋，借此安排使相关规则失效。得州与联邦政府方面则认为，「行政关闭」让没有合法身份的人得以无限期留在美国，实际上形同特赦。
本次命令只处理紧急申请，不就「行政关闭」本身是否合法作出最终裁决，相关诉讼仍在继续。
来源：GSM·美国
U.S. Supreme Court Refuses to Reinstate Immigration Judges' Power to Shelve Deportation Cases: Deal With Texas Barring Administrative Closure Stays in Place
The U.S. Supreme Court on Tuesday, October 27, declined to reinstate the authority of immigration judges to temporarily postpone deportation cases, denying an emergency request by three U.S. cities, including Baltimore, and an immigrant legal advocacy group, and keeping in place an agreement between the Trump administration and Texas that bars the practice known as administrative closure while litigation continues.
The Court's decision was issued as a brief, one-sentence order without explanation, as is common for emergency requests. None of the justices publicly dissented.
Administrative closure is a docket-management practice immigration judges relied on for decades to temporarily shelve certain deportation cases, including when separate proceedings involving the same person were pending that could prevent removal, such as a visa petition or an appeal of a criminal conviction. Over the years, the practice has been applied in hundreds of thousands of deportation cases.
The dispute stems from June 22, when Texas sued in federal court to challenge the procedure and the administration filed its agreement with the state the same day; a federal judge in Texas swiftly approved the agreement the same day. Baltimore and the other applicants argued the federal government improperly colluded with Texas to secure the practice's invalidation. Texas and the administration have said administrative closure allowed people without legal status to remain in the United States indefinitely, acting in effect like an amnesty.
Tuesday's order addresses only the emergency request and does not finally decide whether administrative closure is lawful; the underlying litigation continues.
来源：GSM·美国（原文链接）
图片来源：图：位于华盛顿的美国最高法院大楼西立面（资料图）。Wikiwopbop摄，CC BY-SA 3.0，来源：Wikimedia Commons / Photo: West facade of the U.S. Supreme Court Building in Washington, D.C. (file photo). Photo by Wikiwopbop, CC BY-SA 3.0, via Wikimedia Commons
