加州三项就业新法：丧亲假扩至「指定人员」 性别歧视统一定义 反仇恨言论纳入强制培训
加利福尼亚州州府萨克拉门托消息：加州三项就业法律已经签署生效，将陆续改变全州雇主的员工手册与培训要求。三项法律分别为参议院第1149号法案（SB 1149）、众议院第1803号法案（AB 1803）与众议院第2563号法案（AB 2563），内容涉及丧亲假、职场骚扰预防培训以及「性别歧视」的统一定义。
SB 1149修订《政府法典》第12945.7条：现行法规定，雇员人数5人以上、雇员工作满30天的雇主须提供最长5天的丧亲假，雇员可在亲属去世后3个月内休完；新法将「家庭成员」的范围扩大至一名「指定人员」——即与雇员有血缘关系、或其关联等同于家庭关系的人。雇主可将指定人员限定为每12个月一人。AB 1803规定，自2028年1月1日起，加州强制性的骚扰预防培训（主管2小时、非主管1小时，每两年一次，适用于5人以上雇主）必须加入反仇恨言论内容，包括识别、报告与应对基于《政府法典》第12940(a)条受保护特征而贬损他人的言论；已涵盖非法骚扰与辱骂行为的培训可视为满足要求。
AB 2563则在《劳动法典》《政府法典》《民法典》等20多部法典中加入平行条款（包括《公平就业与住房法》第12926条），统一「性别歧视」的广义定义：涵盖出生时指定性别（含非二元性别）与性别刻板印象、性别认同与表达、性别肯定护理、怀孕及相关状况（堕胎、哺乳、流产、生育、避孕）、性取向与间性特征，并明确骚扰包含在内。立法机关表示，该法案是对现行法律的宣示性阐明。
Three New California Employment Laws Expand Bereavement Leave, Unify Sex-Discrimination Definition and Add Anti-Hate-Speech Training
Sacramento, capital of California: three employment laws signed in California will progressively change employer handbooks and training obligations statewide. The measures — Senate Bill 1149, Assembly Bill 1803 and Assembly Bill 2563 — address bereavement leave, harassment-prevention training and a uniform definition of "sex discrimination."
SB 1149 amends Government Code section 12945.7. Existing law requires employers with five or more employees to provide up to five days of bereavement leave, usable within three months of a family member's death, for employees with at least 30 days of service. The new law expands "family member" to include a "designated person" — someone related by blood or whose association with the employee is equivalent to a family relationship — though an employer may limit the designation to one person per 12-month period. AB 1803 requires that, beginning January 1, 2028, California's mandatory harassment-prevention training (two hours for supervisors, one hour for nonsupervisory employees, every two years, for employers with five or more employees) include anti-hate-speech content on recognizing, reporting and responding to speech that vilifies people based on characteristics protected under Government Code section 12940(a); training that already covers unlawful harassment and abusive conduct satisfies the requirement.
AB 2563 adds parallel provisions across more than 20 California codes, including the Fair Employment and Housing Act's section 12926, establishing a broad, uniform definition of sex discrimination that covers assigned sex at birth, including nonbinary identities, and sex or gender stereotypes, gender identity and expression, gender-affirming care, pregnancy and related conditions (abortion, lactation, miscarriage, fertility and contraception), sexual orientation and intersex traits, with harassment expressly included. The Legislature states the bill is declarative of existing law.
来源：GSM·美国（原文链接）
图片来源：加州首府萨克拉门托市塔桥与市中心天际线。Sacramento's Tower Bridge and downtown skyline, capital of California.
