美国与欧委会及30余国发表苏丹饥荒联合声明：1950万人陷严重粮食不安全 吁冲突各方放行人道援助
美国国务院 10 月 26 日发布：美国、欧盟委员会平等、准备与危机管理专员以及澳大利亚、奥地利、比利时、加拿大、法国、德国、爱尔兰、意大利、荷兰、挪威、波兰、西班牙、瑞典、瑞士、英国等 30 多个国家政府当日发表联合声明，警告苏丹粮食安全急剧恶化、未来数月面临饥荒风险。声明援引粮食安全阶段综合分类（IPC）的警告称，苏丹估计有 1950 万人（占全国人口 41%）处于高度严重粮食不安全状态，其中 500 万人达到紧急级别。
声明称，如果不立即采取行动扭转当前趋势，苏丹遭受重度急性营养不良的儿童人数可能超过预估的 82.5 万，粮食不安全地区的数量预计将从最初评估的 14 个翻倍。声明指出，冲突是苏丹饥饿危机的关键驱动因素，已使数百万人流离失所、关键基础设施受损，并扰乱医疗服务、粮食生产、供应链与市场；对援助的系统性阻碍以及厄尔尼诺现象令全国一半以上地区降雨减少、旱情加剧，局势进一步恶化。
声明称，冲突各方对减轻苏丹人民的苦难负有首要责任，敦促各方取消对人道援助的一切阻碍，允许并协助全面、安全、快速、无阻碍的人道准入，并保护人道工作者。声明警告，若这些阻碍不除，人道响应应对饥荒风险的能力将受严重影响。
在具体措施上，声明呼吁通过所有跨线与跨境路线授权人道行动，包括开辟进入达尔富尔的空中通道，以便快速部署援助行动并及时后送需要救治的援助人员；保障人道人员在苏丹全境的驻留与保护，减少签证与清关延误、延长签证与旅行许可期限，取消拖慢援助送达的附加许可、税费及其他官僚要求；不得打击包括农业与粮食系统在内的民用基础设施；加强军民协调，确保人道人员与人道场所的安全。
声明同时呼吁国际社会全体成员紧急扩大资金投入，应对不断增长的需求，并支持确保援助送达最需要的人群；鼓励发展与金融机构调整正在进行的项目以适应粮食安全形势、聚焦需求最大的地区。各方表示，必须立即共同行动，支持冬季种植季并加强本地主导的响应，以避免饥荒发生，并表示与苏丹人民以及在极端困难条件下不知疲倦地提供救命援助的人道组织站在一起。
US, EU Commissioner and 30+ Governments Warn of Sudan Famine: 19.5 Million Face Acute Food Insecurity, Aid Access Demanded
The U.S. Department of State said on October 26 that the United States, the European Commissioner for Equality, Preparedness and Crisis Management, and the governments of more than 30 countries, including Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, France, Germany, Ireland, Italy, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom, issued a joint statement warning that Sudan's food security is deteriorating alarmingly and that the country faces a risk of famine in the coming months. Citing warnings from the Integrated Food Security Phase Classification (IPC), the statement said an estimated 19.5 million people — 41% of Sudan's population — are experiencing high levels of acute food insecurity, including 5 million facing emergency levels.
Without immediate action to reverse the current trajectory, the statement said, the number of children suffering from severe acute malnutrition could exceed the projected 825,000, and the number of food-insecure areas, initially assessed at 14, is expected to double. Conflict is the key driver of Sudan's hunger crisis, the statement said, displacing millions of people, damaging critical infrastructure and disrupting healthcare provision, food production, supply chains and markets, while systematic obstruction of aid and the effects of El Niño, which have reduced rainfall and increased drought across over half of Sudan, are exacerbating the situation.
The parties to the conflict bear primary responsibility for alleviating the suffering of the Sudanese people, the statement said, urging them to lift all impediments on humanitarian assistance, allow and facilitate full, safe, rapid and unimpeded humanitarian access, and protect humanitarian personnel. Left unchecked, the statement warned, these impediments will hamper the ability of the humanitarian response to address famine risk.
In practice, the statement called on the parties to authorise humanitarian operations through all crossline and cross-border routes, including air access into Darfur, to allow rapid deployment of aid operations and timely medical evacuations of aid workers; to sustain the presence and protection of humanitarian personnel throughout Sudan, including by reducing delays for visas and customs clearance, increasing the duration of visas and travel permits, and removing additional permits, taxation and other bureaucratic requirements slowing aid delivery; to refrain from strikes on civilian infrastructure, including agriculture and food systems; and to strengthen civil-military coordination to ensure the safety of humanitarians and humanitarian sites.
The statement also called on all members of the international community to urgently scale up funding in response to increased needs and to support efforts to ensure assistance reaches those most in need, and encouraged development and financial institutions to adapt their ongoing programmes to the food security situation and focus on the areas of greatest need. Together, the governments said, the world must act without delay to avert famine by supporting the winter cropping season and strengthening locally led responses, adding that they stand with the people of Sudan and the humanitarian organisations working tirelessly under extremely challenging conditions to provide life-saving assistance.
来源：GSM·美国（原文链接）
图片来源：苏丹港装运粮食援助物资（资料图），美国国际开发署（USAID），公共领域，来源 Wikimedia Commons
