鲁比奥谈委内瑞拉过渡：马查多已顺利回国，石油按市价出售、收入入财政部受控账户
美国国务卿马可·鲁比奥（Marco Rubio）10月26日就委内瑞拉过渡举行电话吹风会表示，反对派领袖玛丽亚·科里纳·马查多已于25日顺利返回委内瑞拉；委内瑞拉石油现按市场价格出售，收入进入美国财政部受控账户；过渡路线是先重组最高司法法院与全国选举委员会，再宣布总统职位空缺、在六个月内举行新选举。
关于马查多的回国，鲁比奥表示美方既未敦促也未安排，仅在数周前告知临时当局应允许她不受干扰地回国；此前唯一一次劝阻是在地震之后，当时需要优先安排救援航班。马查多25日入境未遇任何问题。
石油方面，鲁比奥表示自己手头没有具体数字，但确认1月3日之后委内瑞拉石油已按市价售出，部分在美国南部炼化、部分在印度炼化，此前这些石油曾以大幅折扣出售、中国以石油抵偿债务。新协议涵盖此前由中国与俄罗斯公司持有的油田，运营公司须遵守美国反洗钱与反腐败法律；雪佛龙正在扩产，埃克森美孚与印度信实工业表达了参与兴趣。协议不使用美国资金，但让美国获得对这一战略储量的准入，特许权使用费归委内瑞拉政府。
国务院一名高级官员在同日的背景吹风中介绍了机构重组的细节：最高司法法院方面，反对派与执政党各自任命了司法提名委员会成员，委员会几乎全部由法学教授等声誉良好的非政治人物组成，将提名32名新任法官，年底前组建完成；全国选举委员会将同步改革为纯技术机构，只负责机器、投票站、计票与报告，不再拥有取消候选人资格的权力。此后，临时总统罗德里格斯须宣布总统职位永久空缺，依宪法触发六个月的新选举期，日期由新选举委员会确定。
鲁比奥还表示，评判临时当局要看行动而非言辞：伊朗与古巴的影响下降、打击犯罪组织、引渡已认罪并转为合作证人的亚历克斯·萨博、同意组建新最高法院与推进过渡步骤，都是已经发生的事实。他同时表示，对于临时当局成员的起诉问题「没有相关讨论」。
Rubio on Venezuela Transition: Machado Back Home, Oil Sold at Market Rates Into Treasury-Controlled Account
U.S. Secretary of State Marco Rubio said on an October 26 teleconference on Venezuela's transition that opposition leader María Corina Machado returned to Venezuela on October 25 without incident; that Venezuelan oil is now sold at market rates into a Treasury-controlled account; and that the transition path runs through rebuilding the Supreme Justice Tribunal (TSJ) and the National Electoral Council (CNE) before a presidential vacancy is declared and new elections are held within six months.
On Machado's return, Rubio said the United States neither urged nor facilitated it, beyond telling the interim authorities weeks ago that she should be allowed to return unperturbed. The only time Washington discouraged her was right after the earthquake, to prioritize aid flights. She entered the country on October 25 with no issues.
On oil, Rubio said he did not have a figure available, but confirmed that since January 3 Venezuelan oil has been sold at market rates — some refined in the southern United States, some in India — after previously being sold at deep discounts, with China crediting oil against debt. The new deal covers fields formerly held by Chinese and Russian companies and must comply with U.S. anti-money-laundering and anti-corruption law; Chevron is expanding, and Exxon and Reliance have expressed interest. No U.S. money is involved, but the arrangement gives the United States strategic access to the reserve, with royalties going to the Venezuelan government.
In a background briefing the same day, a senior State Department official detailed the institutional rebuild: for the TSJ, the opposition and the ruling party each appointed members to a judicial nominating committee composed almost entirely of law professors and other reputable non-political figures, which will nominate 32 new magistrates, with a new court in place by the end of this calendar year. The CNE will be reformed in parallel into a purely technical, nonpolitical body responsible for machines, polling places, counting and reporting, stripped of the power to remove candidates. Interim President Delcy Rodríguez must then declare a permanent vacancy in the presidency, triggering a six-month period for new elections under the constitution, with the date set by the new CNE.
Rubio said the interim authorities should be judged by actions, not rhetoric, pointing to diminished Iranian and Cuban influence, action against criminal organizations, the extradition of Alex Saab — who has pled guilty and is a cooperating witness — and agreement to a new TSJ and transition steps. He added that there has been “no talk about prosecutions” of interim officials.
来源：GSM·美国（原文链接）
图片来源：美国国务卿鲁比奥官方肖像。图片：美国国务院，公共领域。
