历史上的今天：10月26日，全球重要历史事件
10月26日这一天，在不同年代、不同国家留下了多条被史书记载的大事。GSM「历史上的今天」栏目逐条回权威来源核实、每条标明所属国家，只述事实：从1825年美国伊利运河通航，到1881年亚利桑那的 OK Corral 枪战，再到2001年《美国爱国者法案》签署，均发生在10月26日。
1774年，美国 Philadelphia：第一届大陆会议于10月26日休会。这次会议是北美十三个殖民地代表首次集体商议对英国政策，美国独立进程由此起步。
1825年，美国：伊利运河（Erie Canal）于10月26日全线通航。这条运河全长363英里，连接 Lake Erie 与 Hudson River，造价逾700万美元、历时八年建成，是美国第一条重大人工水道，纽约自此成为全美第一大港。
1861年，美国：传奇的驿马快信（Pony Express）于10月26日正式停运，让位于刚贯通的横贯大陆电报。这项骑马接力送信服务只运营了约18个月。
1863年，瑞士 Geneva：旨在改善战场伤兵救护的国际会议于10月26日召开，红十字运动由此发端，其后发展为国际红十字与红新月运动。
1881年，美国 Arizona 州 Tombstone：执法官 Wyatt Earp 与其两名兄弟及 Doc Holliday 与 Clanton、McLaury 一伙在 OK Corral 附近交火，史称「OK Corral 枪战」。交火约30秒、约30发子弹，对方三人死亡，Earp 的两名兄弟与 Holliday 受伤；此事后来成为美国西部最著名的枪战。
1942年，美国（第二次世界大战，所罗门群岛海域）：航空母舰 Hornet 号在 Santa Cruz 海战中遭日本轰炸机重创，舰员被迫弃舰，次日被日军鱼雷击沉。Hornet 号此前曾搭载执行 Doolittle 空袭东京的轰炸机。
1977年，索马里：该国发现最后一例自然感染天花病例。这一天后来被视为天花在自然界被根除的标志，世界卫生组织1980年正式宣布天花灭绝。
1979年，韩国 Seoul：总统朴正熙（Park Chung-hee）于10月26日晚被韩国中央情报部部长 Kim Jae-kyu 枪杀，韩国其后进入一段政局动荡期。
1984年，美国加利福尼亚州 Loma Linda：一名患严重先天性心脏缺陷的新生儿「Baby Fae」接受狒狒心脏移植手术，这是当时轰动全球的异种移植尝试；婴儿术后存活21天。
1994年，约旦与以色列：两国总理 Yitzhak Rabin 与 Abdel Salam Majali 于10月26日签署和平条约，美国总统 Bill Clinton 出席见证，约旦成为第二个与以色列实现和平的阿拉伯国家。
2001年，美国 Washington：总统 George W. Bush 于10月26日签署《美国爱国者法案》（USA Patriot Act）。该法在「9·11」袭击后快速通过，大幅扩展了执法机关搜查、扣押、拘留与监听的权限。
2002年，俄罗斯 Moscow：车臣武装分子在剧院劫持800多名人质的事件于10月26日落幕，俄特种部队强攻解救，129名人质死亡，41名武装分子被击毙。
2020年，美国 Washington：参议院于10月26日确认 Amy Coney Barrett 出任联邦最高法院大法官，她在大选前数日宣誓就职，成为最高法院第九名成员。
On This Day: Major World Events of October 26
October 26 has carried major events in many countries and eras. GSM's On This Day column verifies each entry against authoritative sources, labels every item with its country, and reports facts only: from the opening of the Erie Canal in the United States in 1825, to the Gunfight at the O.K. Corral in 1881, to the signing of the USA Patriot Act in 2001.
1774, United States (Philadelphia): The First Continental Congress adjourned on Oct. 26, the first collective meeting of the thirteen colonies' delegates on policy toward Britain.
1825, United States: The Erie Canal opened on Oct. 26. Stretching 363 miles between Lake Erie and the Hudson River, it cost more than $7 million and took eight years to build, becoming America's first major man-made waterway and making New York the nation's leading port.
1861, United States: The Pony Express officially ceased operations on Oct. 26, giving way to the newly completed transcontinental telegraph after about 18 months of service.
1863, Switzerland (Geneva): An international conference on improving care for wounded soldiers opened on Oct. 26, the beginning of the Red Cross movement.
1881, United States (Tombstone, Arizona): Lawmen Wyatt Earp, his two brothers and Doc Holliday exchanged gunfire with the Clanton-McLaury gang near the O.K. Corral. About 30 shots were fired in roughly 30 seconds; three of the outlaws were killed and Earp's brothers and Holliday were wounded.
1942, United States (World War II, Solomon Islands): The aircraft carrier USS Hornet, which had launched the Doolittle Raid on Tokyo, was heavily damaged by Japanese bombers in the Battle of the Santa Cruz Islands and abandoned; Japanese torpedoes sank her the next day.
1977, Somalia: The last naturally occurring case of smallpox was discovered in Somalia, a date later marked as the point at which smallpox was eradicated in nature; the WHO formally declared eradication in 1980.
1979, South Korea (Seoul): President Park Chung-hee was shot to death on Oct. 26 by Kim Jae-kyu, the head of the Korean Central Intelligence Agency.
1984, United States (Loma Linda, California): A newborn known as Baby Fae, born with a severe heart defect, received a baboon's heart in an experimental transplant; she lived 21 days.
1994, Jordan and Israel: Prime Ministers Yitzhak Rabin of Israel and Abdel Salam Majali of Jordan signed a peace treaty on Oct. 26 in a ceremony attended by U.S. President Bill Clinton, making Jordan the second Arab country at peace with Israel.
2001, United States (Washington): President George W. Bush signed the USA Patriot Act on Oct. 26, giving authorities expanded powers to search, seize, detain and eavesdrop in pursuit of possible terrorists after the Sept. 11 attacks.
2002, Russia (Moscow): Russian forces stormed a theater held by Chechen rebels; 129 of the more than 800 hostages died and 41 rebels were killed.
2020, United States (Washington): The Senate confirmed Amy Coney Barrett to the Supreme Court on Oct. 26, days before the general election.
来源：GSM·美国（原文链接）
图片来源：图：美国纽约州Port Byron的伊利运河52号船闸遗址。1825年10月26日，连接Lake Erie与Hudson River的伊利运河全线通航。Magicpiano 摄，CC BY-SA 4.0，经 Wikimedia Commons 发布。/ The Erie Canal's Lock 52 site at Port Byron, New York. The Erie Canal, linking Lake Erie with the Hudson River, opened on Oct. 26, 1825. Photo by Magicpiano, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons.
