密苏里州A提案11月3日定2025年国会选区图命运 支持阵营几乎缺席

密苏里州选民将于11月3日通过A提案，决定该州2025年国会选区图是否生效。如果选民投「赞成」，这份旨在把堪萨斯城民主党众议员伊曼纽尔·克利弗（Emanuel Cleaver）挤出国会的新地图将在2028年起适用；如果投「反对」，2022年的选区边界将继续保留。这张地图是共和党在特朗普总统施压下于2025年重划的，但与激烈博斗的法律战相比，围绕A提案的选战却明显一边倒：支持通过的一方几乎没有动静。

支持2025年地图的组织「把密苏里州放在首位」（Put Missouri First）发言人迈克尔·哈夫纳（Michael Hafner）说：「据我所知，还没有人为通过A提案组织过任何努力。」支持者如众议员埃里克·伯利森（Eric Burlison）只是在社交媒体上发帖表态，众议员安·瓦格纳（Ann Wagner）则说：「这由人民决定，我就说到这里。」反对阵营则在全州投放电视广告并挨家挨户拉票；当初把地图送上公投的组织「人民而非政客」（People Not Politicians）在短时间内征集了约30万个签名。哈夫纳分析说，全国性组织已经作出决定，把资金投入到影响最直接的地方——自10月10日以来，「人民而非政客」已收到520万美元、单笔5,000美元以上的大额捐款，而目前看不到有可比规模的委员会在花钱支持A提案通过。

这张地图经历了长达一年多的法律战：州务卿丹尼·霍斯金斯（Denny Hoskins）和总检察长凯瑟琳·哈纳韦（Catherine Hanaway）曾采取前所未有的强力手段阻挠公投，最终密苏里州最高法院裁定公投可以交由选民决定，美国最高法院三次维持了这一裁决，2022年地图因此锁定为今年11月3日选举所用地图。分析指出，一旦明确2025年地图无法用于2026年选举周期，它对全国共和党在十年中途重划选区、保住众议院控制权的布局便基本失去了用处；即便A提案失败，共和党人仍可能在2027年重新绘制另一张地图。

Missouri Proposition A to Decide Fate of 2025 Congressional Map on November 3; 'Yes' Campaign Nearly Absent

Missouri voters will decide on November 3, through Proposition A, whether the state's 2025 congressional map will go into effect. If voters say "yes," the plan aimed at ousting Democratic Congressman Emanuel Cleaver of Kansas City will be in effect by 2028; if they vote "no," the congressional lines from 2022 will remain in place. The map was drawn in 2025 by Republicans at the behest of President Donald Trump, but after a fiercely contested legal battle, the electoral fight over Proposition A is a decidedly one-sided affair, with the "yes" campaign nearly nonexistent.

"To my knowledge, there has not been an effort organized to support the passage of Proposition A," said Michael Hafner, a spokesman for Put Missouri First, a group that supported the 2025 map. Proponents such as Congressman Eric Burlison are posting supportive messages on social media, while Congresswoman Ann Wagner said, "That's up to the people to decide. I'm going to leave it at that." The "no" campaign, by contrast, is running television ads and canvassing across the state; the group People Not Politicians, which forced the referendum, gathered roughly 300,000 signatures in a relatively short amount of time. Hafner said national organizations have decided to direct their funds where the impact is most immediate: People Not Politicians has taken in $5.2 million in donations of $5,000 or more since October 10, with no comparable committee spending to pass Proposition A.

The map survived a legal battle lasting more than a year, in which Secretary of State Denny Hoskins and Attorney General Catherine Hanaway mounted an unprecedented effort to stymie the referendum. Ultimately, the Missouri Supreme Court ruled the referendum could go before voters — a decision the U.S. Supreme Court kept in place three different times — locking in the 2022 map for the November 3 election. Once it became clear the 2025 map would not be in effect for the 2026 cycle, it became largely useless to national Republicans pursuing mid-decade redistricting to protect their House majority; and even if Proposition A fails, Republicans could simply draw a different map in 2027.

来源：GSM·美国（原文链接）

图片来源：密苏里州议会大厦穹顶。图片：Katherine Dowler，CC BY-SA 3.0，取自维基共享资源。

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