印第安纳州11月3日公投问选民：法官能否对更多重罪拒绝保释

印第安纳州选民将在11月3日的选票上回答一个问题：是否应给予法官在更多案件中拒绝保释的权力。现行州宪法规定，只有谋杀或叛国罪案件才可以在审前不予保释羁押，而这道公投问题问的是，法官是否应当更经常地拥有这种权力；投「赞成」票，即表示愿意赋予法官这项新权力。

南本德的印第安纳迪斯马斯之家（Dismas House of Indiana）执行主任安迪·赫克斯霍尔德（Andee Huxhold）希望选民投「反对」票。迪斯马斯之家的工作是帮助刑满释放人员重返社区，赫克斯霍尔德本人拥有公共政策与司法改革方向的研究生学位，并研究过审前羁押问题。她说：「审前羁押并没有被证明能减少犯罪，也没有被证明能减少伤害。从整体统计看，我们羁押的很多人最终根本不会被定罪。我们实际上并没有把对社会构成危险的人关起来。」

赫克斯霍尔德举例说，她在某些家庭暴力案件中可以支持这样做；但已经允许更多审前羁押的州，都在法律中列有狭窄的罪名清单来指导法官，而印第安纳州不会有这样的清单。她说：「每个法官都得凭主观判断某人是否构成威胁。这实在太宽泛了。」

Indiana Ballot Question Asks Voters on November 3: Should Judges Be Able to Deny Bail in More Felony Cases?

Indiana voters will answer a question on the November 3 ballot: whether judges should have the power to deny bail more often. The state constitution now allows pretrial incarceration without bail only for murder or treason; a "yes" vote means giving judges this new power.

Andee Huxhold, executive director of Dismas House of Indiana in South Bend, hopes voters will vote "no." Dismas House focuses on helping people re-enter the community after conviction and prison, and Huxhold, who holds a graduate degree in public policy and justice reform, has researched pretrial incarceration. "Pretrial incarceration is not shown to reduce crime," she says. "It's not shown to reduce harm. If you look at it statistically over all, we're much more often incarcerating people that are never going to be convicted of a crime. We aren't actually incarcerating people that are a danger to society."

Huxhold said she could support the idea in some domestic violence cases, for example, but states that have allowed more pretrial incarceration have a narrow list of crimes in the law to guide judges, which would not be the case in Indiana. "Every judge is going to have to interpret subjectively if they feel someone is a threat. It's way too broad," she said.

来源：GSM·美国（原文链接）

图片来源：印第安纳州议会大厦。图片：Diego Delso，CC BY-SA 3.0，取自维基共享资源。

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