加州14项全州提案逐项讲清：112.5亿美元住房债券、高收入税永久化、选民证件与诊所90%支出线

加州选民在11月3日的选票上，除了各级职位，还要对14项全州提案逐项表决。提案过半数赞成即通过（修宪提案同样只需简单多数），直接成为法律或写入州宪法。本篇按官方选民指南的标题与立法分析办公室（LAO）的财政评估逐项讲清：每一项改什么、花多少钱、谁把它放上选票。本刊只陈述事实，不为任何提案背书。

住房与债券类

第1号提案（议会提出，法律案）：授权发行112.5亿美元债券，用于可负担住房与退伍军人住房计划。LAO估算，含利息的总偿还成本约为每年5亿至6亿美元、持续约25年。

第37号提案（公民签名提出，法律案）：设立250亿美元收益债券支持的贷款计划，为购买符合条件新建住房的中等收入买家提供贷款。LAO评估：对州财政无直接成本，债券由贷款偿还支撑。

第38号提案（公民签名提出，法律案）：授权发行84亿美元债券，用于免疫学医学研究。LAO估算偿还成本约每年5亿至6亿美元、持续约20年。

税收类

第3号提案（公民签名提出，修宪案）：把现行对高收入者征收的附加税率永久化，为学校与医疗提供长期经费。现行税率原定2030年后到期，LAO估算永久化后每年可保住约50亿至150亿美元收入。

第40号提案（公民签名提出，修宪及法律案）：对净资产最高的极少数纳税人征收一次性5%的财富税。LAO估算可一次性带来数百亿美元收入，同时因纳税人行为变化，每年可能减少最多约10亿美元所得税收入。

第41号提案（公民签名提出，修宪案）：禁止新设州税把收入排除在州支出上限之外，并要求对新的州特别税进行审计。财政影响不确定。

第42号提案（公民签名提出，修宪案）：禁止新设州个人财产税与某些追溯性州税。LAO评估：未来州收入的增长空间可能受限。

第43号提案（议会提出，修宪案）：收紧地方加税门槛——选民自行提出的地方特别税，须经三分之二多数通过。LAO评估：地方收入增长可能放缓。

选举制度类

第2号提案（议会提出，修宪案）：把州「雨天基金」（预算稳定账户）的存款上限从相当于一般基金收入的10%提高到20%，让州政府能存下更多储备。

第4号提案（议会提出，法律案）：废除禁止公共资金资助选举竞选的规定，允许公共竞选经费制度。LAO估算成本约每年数十万美元起。

第5号提案（议会提出，修宪案）：改革全州官员罢免程序，取消罢免选票上同时选举继任者的问题，罢免与补选分开。

第39号提案（公民签名提出，修宪案）：规定公民投票时必须出示政府签发的身份证明，并配套公民身份核验。LAO估算执行成本为每年数千万至数亿美元不等。

医疗与环评类

第44号提案（公民签名提出，法律案）：要求社区健康诊所把至少90%的收入用于项目服务。LAO估算监管成本为数千万美元级，由收费支撑。

第45号提案（公民签名提出，法律案）：为九类项目设立加速环境审查通道，修改《加州环境质量法》的审查流程。LAO估算初期每年成本为数千万至逾1亿美元。

怎么使用这份清单

14项提案的官方分析、正反方论点与全文都在州务卿的《官方选民信息指南》里，中文版指南可向州务卿办公室索取（热线 (800) 339-2857）。本专题的手册篇讲清了投票方式与投递地点，计票之夜篇讲清了结果公布与认证的时间线。

2026中期选举华人选民手册：加州邮寄选票、中文选票与投票中心一次讲清

计票之夜怎么看：加州11月3日晚8时起公布结果，最终认证在12月11日

来源：GSM·美国（资料来源：加州州务卿《官方选民信息指南》、州立法分析办公室财政评估）

California's 14 Ballot Propositions Explained: The $11.25B Housing Bond, Permanent High-Income Tax, Voter ID and the Clinics' 90 Percent Rule

Besides the offices on the ballot, California voters will decide 14 statewide propositions on November 3. A proposition passes with a simple majority — including constitutional amendments — and becomes law or part of the state constitution. Drawing on the official voter guide's ballot titles and the Legislative Analyst's Office (LAO) fiscal estimates, this piece explains, measure by measure, what each one changes, what it costs, and who put it on the ballot. GSM reports the facts and endorses no measure.

Housing and bonds

Proposition 1 (Legislature, statute): Authorizes $11.25 billion in bonds for affordable housing and veterans' housing programs. The LAO estimates total repayment costs of roughly $500–600 million a year for about 25 years.

Proposition 37 (initiative, statute): Creates a loan program for middle-income buyers of qualified new homes, backed by $25 billion in revenue bonds. The LAO finds no direct state cost; the bonds are repaid from the loans.

Proposition 38 (initiative, statute): Authorizes $8.4 billion in bonds for immunology medical research. The LAO estimates repayment of about $500–600 million a year for roughly 20 years.

Taxes

Proposition 3 (initiative, constitutional amendment): Makes the existing additional tax rates on high incomes permanent, providing ongoing funding for schools and health care. The rates are otherwise set to expire after 2030; the LAO estimates permanence would preserve about $5–15 billion a year.

Proposition 40 (initiative, constitutional amendment and statute): Imposes a one-time 5 percent tax on the wealth of a small number of the highest-net-worth taxpayers. The LAO estimates a one-time gain in the tens of billions of dollars, offset by up to about $1 billion a year in reduced income tax revenue.

Proposition 41 (initiative, constitutional amendment): Prohibits new state taxes that exclude revenues from the state spending limit, and requires audits for new state special taxes. Fiscal effect unknown.

Proposition 42 (initiative, constitutional amendment): Prohibits new state personal property taxes and certain retroactive state taxes. The LAO notes future state revenues may not rise as much.

Proposition 43 (Legislature, constitutional amendment): Raises the bar for local tax increases — voter-initiated local special taxes would require a two-thirds vote. The LAO notes local revenues may not rise as much.

Election rules

Proposition 2 (Legislature, constitutional amendment): Raises the cap on the state's rainy-day fund (Budget Stabilization Account) from 10 to 20 percent of general fund revenues, allowing larger reserves.

Proposition 4 (Legislature, statute): Repeals the prohibition against public funding of election campaigns, allowing public campaign financing. The LAO estimates costs starting at a few hundred thousand dollars a year.

Proposition 5 (Legislature, constitutional amendment): Changes the recall election process for statewide officers, removing the simultaneous replacement question so the recall and any replacement election are separate.

Proposition 39 (initiative, constitutional amendment): Prohibits citizens from voting unless they present government-issued identification, with citizenship verification. The LAO estimates administration costs from tens of millions to the low hundreds of millions of dollars a year.

Health and environment

Proposition 44 (initiative, statute): Requires community health clinics to spend at least 90 percent of revenue on program services. The LAO estimates regulatory costs in the low tens of millions, fee-funded.

Proposition 45 (initiative, statute): Modifies environmental review for certain projects, creating an expedited CEQA track for nine project types. The LAO estimates initial costs from the high tens of millions to over $100 million a year.

How to use this list

The official analysis, arguments for and against, and full text of all 14 measures are in the Secretary of State's Official Voter Information Guide; a Chinese-language guide is available from the Secretary of State's office (Chinese hotline (800) 339-2857). This series' voter guide explains how and where to vote, and the election-night explainer lays out the results and certification timeline.

2026 Midterm Chinese Voter Guide: California Mail Ballots, Chinese Ballots and Vote Centers

How to Read Election Night: California Results Start at 8 p.m. on Nov. 3, Final Certification Dec. 11

Source: GSM·USA (Sources: California Secretary of State Official Voter Information Guide; Legislative Analyst's Office fiscal estimates)

来源：GSM·美国（原文链接）

图片来源：加州选民把选票投入票箱（资料图，Sonoma）。图片：Sarah Stierch，CC BY 4.0，取自维基共享资源。

本频道最新更多 ›

计票之夜怎么看：加州11月3日晚8时起公布结果，邮寄选票计到11月10日，最终认证在12月11日2026-10-252026中期选举选什么：众议院435席全改选、参议院33席与加州14项提案一次讲清2026-10-25

← 返回首页　全部新闻　关于我们