加州贻贝费贴纸涨价：两年周期由16美元升至42美元 10月22日起生效 防金贻贝扩散
美国加利福尼亚州 Sacramento——加州州立公园（California State Parks）下属航行与水道局（Division of Boating and Waterways，DBW）宣布，提高全州船只「贻贝费贴纸」（Mussel Fee Sticker）收费，新标准已于10月22日生效：偶数年首次购买为21美元、奇数年首次购买为42美元，42美元覆盖完整的两年贴纸周期；按完整两年周期计算，费用由原来的16美元升至42美元。州法允许该费用在奇数年调整。
涨价的直接背景是入侵物种金贻贝（golden mussel）的扩散。加州2012年设立贻贝费贴纸项目，原为防范斑马贻贝与夸加贻贝；2025年州众议院第149号法案（AB 149）修订该项目，将防范对象扩至所有入侵贻贝物种，并要求自2026年起调整收费结构。金贻贝2024年10月首次在 Sacramento-San Joaquin 三角洲被发现，此后已扩散至加州更多水域与水利设施；这类贻贝繁殖快、以密集群落附着在坚硬表面，可随船只、拖车与残留水体跨水域传播，会堵塞取水口与管道、损害供水与发电设施、危害渔业与水生食物网，并附着船体与发动机、推高维护成本。由于贻贝一旦进入水域往往难以根除，预防被视为关键。
DBW 副局长 Ramona Fernandez 表示：「加州的水道对休闲、地方经济、饮用水、农业、发电与自然资源的健康都至关重要。我们理解任何涨价都会影响船主。这项加强后的贻贝费贴纸项目将让加州能投入更多资源，应对入侵贻贝日益增长的威胁，帮助水域管理者保持水体健康、可达并开放休闲使用。」
按州法，在淡水水域行驶的加州注册休闲船只必须购买并展示有效的贻贝费贴纸；贴纸与船只注册分开购买，经车管局（DMV）办理，DMV 提供两张贴纸，须分别贴在船体两侧、与 CF 编号及注册贴纸同一水平线。仅在海洋或咸水水域使用的船只豁免；但进入内陆水道、河流、湖泊、水库以及三角洲 Chipps Island 以东水域前必须先购贴纸，执法人员可对无贴纸在淡水行驶的船主开罚单。贴纸收入用于支持船只检查、去污处理、早期监测、预防规划与公众教育，并由 DBW 向合格水域管理机构发放补助。DBW 同时提醒船主，每次离开一处水域、前往新水域下水前，应做到「清洁、排干、晾干」（Clean, Drain and Dry），并遵守当地检查、隔离与去污要求。贴纸可通过 DMV 官网、DMV 办事处或参与的美国汽车协会（AAA）办公室购买。
California Mussel Fee Sticker Rises to $42 for a Two-Year Cycle, Effective October 22, as Golden Mussels Spread
SACRAMENTO, California — California State Parks' Division of Boating and Waterways (DBW) has announced an increase in the state's Mussel Fee Sticker, effective October 22: the sticker costs $21 when first purchased in an even-numbered calendar year and $42 when first purchased in an odd-numbered year, with the $42 fee covering the full two-year sticker cycle. For a boater buying a sticker for a full two-year cycle, the cost rises from $16 to $42. State law allows the fee to be adjusted in odd-numbered years.
The increase comes as invasive golden mussels spread in California. The state created the Mussel Fee Sticker program in 2012 to prevent the spread of quagga and zebra mussels; in 2025, Assembly Bill 149 revised the program to address all species of invasive mussels and directed changes to the fee structure beginning in 2026. Golden mussels were first detected in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta in October 2024, and detections have since expanded into additional California waterways and water infrastructure. The mussels reproduce rapidly, attach in dense colonies to hard surfaces and can move between waterbodies on boats, trailers and in residual water; they can clog water intakes and pipes, damage water-delivery and power infrastructure, harm fisheries and aquatic food webs, attach to boat hulls and engines, raise maintenance costs and contribute to boating restrictions. Because eradicating mussels after they enter a waterway often fails, officials say prevention is critical.
"California's waterways are essential to recreation, local economies, drinking water, agriculture, power generation and the health of our natural resources," said Ramona Fernandez, deputy director of DBW. "We recognize that any fee increase affects boat owners. This strengthened Mussel Fee Sticker program will allow California to invest more into protecting waterways from the growing threat of invasive mussels and help waterbody managers keep those waters healthy, accessible and open for recreation."
State law requires California-registered recreational vessels operated in freshwater to purchase and display a current Mussel Fee Sticker, bought separately from vessel registration through the Department of Motor Vehicles (DMV); the DMV provides two stickers, to be displayed one on each side of the hull, next to and in line with the CF number and registration stickers. Vessels used exclusively in marine or salt water are exempt, but the sticker must be purchased before operating in freshwater, including inland waterways, rivers, lakes, reservoirs and Delta waters east of Chipps Island, and law enforcement may cite a freshwater boater operating without one. Fees support watercraft inspections, decontamination, early-detection monitoring, prevention planning and public education, including DBW grants to eligible waterbody managers. DBW also urges boaters to clean, drain and dry their vessel, trailer and equipment before leaving a waterbody and before launching somewhere new, and to follow local inspection, quarantine and decontamination requirements. Stickers are sold through the DMV online, at DMV field offices, and at participating American Automobile Association offices for members.
来源：GSM·美国（原文链接）
图片来源：图：左为附满斑马贻贝类入侵贻贝的船只螺旋桨（美国国家公园管理局 NPS 图），右为 Sacramento-San Joaquin 三角洲管道上附着的金贻贝（加州水资源部图）；拼图由加州州立公园发布。/ Left: a boat propeller encrusted with invasive mussels (National Park Service). Right: golden mussels on a pipe in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta (California Department of Water Resources). Collage released by California State Parks.
