11月全国糖尿病月：国立糖尿病研究所呼吁采取行动预防糖尿病健康问题 全美约3800万人受影响
每年11月是美国「全国糖尿病月」（National Diabetes Month）。美国国立卫生研究院（NIH）下属的国立糖尿病、消化与肾脏疾病研究所（NIDDK）今年以「采取行动、预防糖尿病健康问题」为主题，呼吁公众认识自身风险、尽早管理血糖、血压与胆固醇。
NIDDK 介绍，糖尿病是血液中的葡萄糖（血糖）过高引起的疾病，全美约有3,800万人受其影响，包括成年人与青少年；糖尿病可损害眼睛、肾脏、神经与心脏，并与某些癌症相关。患2型糖尿病的风险较高的人群包括：超重或肥胖者、35岁及以上者、有糖尿病家族史者、缺乏身体活动者，以及处于糖尿病前期的人。
在管理方面，NIDDK 提出「糖尿病 ABC」口径：A 是 A1C 检测（反映平均血糖水平），B 是血压（blood pressure），C 是胆固醇（cholesterol），建议患者与医疗团队确认自己的 ABC 目标值。此外，按时服药、规划健康饮食、保持身体活动、保证充足睡眠、不吸烟都有助于预防或管理糖尿病；对超重或肥胖者，减去起始体重的5%至7%，有助于预防或延缓2型糖尿病。
NIDDK 表示，管理糖尿病需要团队协作，团队可包括初级保健医生、糖尿病专科医生、注册营养师或认证糖尿病教育者；如感到情绪低落或压力过大，也应寻求心理健康方面的支持。
活动详情：NIDDK 全国糖尿病月官方页面
November Is National Diabetes Month: NIDDK Urges Action to Prevent Diabetes Health Problems Affecting About 38 Million Americans
November is National Diabetes Month in the United States. This year, the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), part of the National Institutes of Health (NIH), is focusing on taking action to prevent diabetes health problems, urging the public to know their risk and manage blood glucose, blood pressure, and cholesterol early.
According to NIDDK, diabetes occurs when blood glucose, also called blood sugar, is too high, and it affects about 38 million Americans, including adults and youth. Diabetes can damage the eyes, kidneys, nerves, and heart, and is linked to some types of cancer. People at higher risk of type 2 diabetes include those with overweight or obesity, those age 35 or older, those with a family history of diabetes, those who are not physically active, and those with prediabetes.
For management, NIDDK promotes the diabetes ABCs: A is for the A1C test, which measures average blood glucose levels; B is for blood pressure; and C is for cholesterol. Patients are advised to ask their health care team what their ABC goals should be. Taking medicines on time, planning healthy meals, being physically active, getting enough sleep, and not smoking can all help prevent or manage diabetes, and losing 5 to 7 percent of starting weight may help prevent or delay type 2 diabetes for people with overweight or obesity.
NIDDK notes that managing diabetes takes a team, which may include a primary care provider, a diabetes specialist, a registered dietitian, or a certified diabetes educator, and that mental-health support is also part of care.
Details: NIDDK official National Diabetes Month page
来源：GSM·美国（原文链接）
图片来源：图：血糖仪与采血笔（资料图）。照片：Celeda，CC BY-SA 4.0，经 Wikimedia Commons。 / Photo: A blood glucose meter and lancing device (file photo). Photo by Celeda, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons.
