历史上的今天：10月25日，全球重要历史事件
10月25日这一天，在不同年代、不同国家留下了多条被史书记载的大事。GSM「历史上的今天」栏目逐条回权威来源核实、每条标明所属国家，只述事实：从1415年法国北部的阿金库尔战役，到1854年克里米亚的轻骑兵冲锋，再到1971年联合国大会的中国席位决议，均发生在10月25日。
1415年，法国（战地在今法国北部 Agincourt）：百年战争中，英格兰国王 Henry V 率领的英军于10月25日在阿金库尔战役中击败人数占优的法军。这场胜利为英格兰其后在法国的一系列征战打开了局面，是百年战争中最著名的战役之一。
1854年，克里米亚半岛（今乌克兰 Balaclava 一带）：克里米亚战争巴拉克拉瓦战役中，英军轻骑兵旅约670名骑兵因一道被误解的命令，迎着三面炮火冲向俄军炮兵阵地，史称「轻骑兵冲锋」（Charge of the Light Brigade）。据记载约110人阵亡、161人受伤；诗人 Alfred, Lord Tennyson 其后为此写下同名诗篇。
1881年，西班牙 Málaga：画家 Pablo Picasso 于10月25日出生于西班牙南部城市 Málaga。他是立体主义的共同创立者之一，后来长居法国巴黎，被广泛视为20世纪最具影响力的艺术家之一。
1940年，美国：Benjamin O. Davis Sr. 于10月25日晋升准将，成为美国陆军首位非裔将军。他在军中服役四十余年，这次晋升发生在第二次世界大战期间美国军队仍实行种族隔离的年代。
1962年，美国（联合国总部所在地纽约）：古巴导弹危机期间，美国驻联合国大使 Adlai Stevenson 于10月25日在联合国安全理事会会议上出示美军侦察照片，展示苏联在古巴部署的导弹阵地，并当场要求苏联大使给出答复。这场安理会对质发生在危机最紧张的阶段。
1971年，联合国（总部在美国纽约）：联合国大会于10月25日通过第2758号决议，恢复中华人民共和国在联合国的合法权利，同时将代表台湾的中华民国代表逐出联合国。中华人民共和国自此取得包括安全理事会常任理事国席位在内的中国席位。
2001年，美国：微软公司于10月25日正式发布 Windows XP 操作系统。该系统把面向消费者的 Windows 9x 系列与面向商用的 Windows NT 系列合并到同一条产品线上，其后运行十余年，成为微软历史上使用范围最广的操作系统之一。
On This Day: Major World Events of October 25
October 25 has left its mark on history in different eras and different countries. GSM's 'On This Day' column verifies each entry against authoritative sources and labels the country concerned, stating facts only: from the Battle of Agincourt in northern France in 1415, to the Charge of the Light Brigade in Crimea in 1854, to the UN General Assembly's China-seat resolution in 1971, all happened on October 25.
In 1415, France (the battlefield near present-day Agincourt in northern France): during the Hundred Years' War, the English army led by King Henry V defeated a larger French force at the Battle of Agincourt on October 25. The victory paved the way for further English conquests in France and remains one of the most famous battles of the war.
In 1854, Crimea (near Balaclava, in present-day Ukraine): during the Battle of Balaclava in the Crimean War, about 670 British cavalrymen of the Light Brigade, acting on a misunderstood order, charged directly into a Russian artillery position under fire from three sides — the action remembered as the Charge of the Light Brigade. About 110 were killed and 161 wounded, according to contemporary accounts; Alfred, Lord Tennyson later immortalized the charge in his poem of the same name.
In 1881, Spain (Málaga): the artist Pablo Picasso was born on October 25 in Málaga, in southern Spain. A cofounder of Cubism who spent most of his life in Paris, France, he is widely regarded as one of the most influential artists of the 20th century.
In 1940, the United States: Benjamin O. Davis Sr. was promoted to brigadier general on October 25, becoming the first Black general in the U.S. Army. The promotion came after more than four decades of service, at a time when the U.S. military was still segregated during World War II.
In 1962, the United States (at United Nations headquarters in New York): during the Cuban Missile Crisis, U.S. Ambassador to the United Nations Adlai Stevenson presented aerial reconnaissance photographs at a UN Security Council meeting on October 25, showing Soviet missile sites in Cuba, and demanded an answer from the Soviet ambassador. The confrontation came at the most dangerous stage of the crisis.
In 1971, the United Nations (headquartered in New York, United States): the UN General Assembly adopted Resolution 2758 on October 25, restoring the lawful rights of the People's Republic of China at the United Nations and expelling the representatives of the Republic of China, based in Taiwan. The People's Republic of China thereby took the China seat, including its permanent seat on the Security Council.
In 2001, the United States: Microsoft officially released the Windows XP operating system on October 25. XP merged the consumer Windows 9x line with the business-oriented Windows NT line into a single product line and remained in use for more than a decade, becoming one of the most widely used operating systems in Microsoft's history.
来源：GSM·美国（原文链接）
图片来源：图：位于美国纽约的联合国大会堂。1962年10月25日美国大使在此出示古巴导弹照片、1971年10月25日联合国大会在此通过第2758号决议。照片 Spiff 摄，CC BY-SA 3.0，经维基共享资源。Photo: The United Nations General Assembly Hall in New York, United States, where the U.S. ambassador presented the Cuban missile photographs on October 25, 1962, and the General Assembly adopted Resolution 2758 on October 25, 1971. Photo by Spiff, CC BY-SA 3.0, via Wikimedia Commons.
