匈牙利前央行行长马托尔奇被拘留：检方调查2660亿福林基金会资金案
匈牙利检方10月21日拘留了前央行行长马托尔奇·捷尔吉（György Matolcsy），调查其任内由央行设立的一批基金会如何运作、并造成重大财务损失。检方称，自2025年初以来，调查人员一直在追踪超过2660亿福林（约8.17亿美元）的央行资金如何流经这些基金会及其关联公司，检方称这造成了特别重大的财务损失。
调查源于国家审计署的一份报告，该报告对匈牙利国家银行设立的一家基金会、以及管理其资产的Optima投资公司的投资提出质疑。检方表示，马托尔奇在讯问中拒绝作证；检方另对两人发出国际逮捕令，并申请将马托尔奇逮捕羁押，法院将于当周作出裁定。其律师巴特基·帕尔（Pál Bátki）向路透社表示，马托尔奇被怀疑犯有造成重大损失的欺诈罪及使用伪造私人文件罪，「对我当事人的怀疑可以概括为一整套非常复杂的指控，我们还没有机会全面审阅处理」。马托尔奇否认有不当行为。
据检方说法，匈牙利国家银行2014年在马托尔奇治下设立「雅典娜·帕拉斯」基金会（Pallas Athene Foundations），并注入来自央行汇率收益的公共资金。今年5月，检方与警方在相关洗钱调查中查封了约920亿福林（约3亿美元）的资金与证券。检方还指称，在马托尔奇卸任央行行长前一天的2025年2月28日，一家由Optima代表的私募基金签订了一份虚假证券借贷协议，意在把基金会资产的控制权转移到马托尔奇卸任后仍能施加影响的人手中，以便他与其子利用这些资产投资牟利。
马托尔奇2013年至2025年担任匈牙利央行行长，此前曾任欧尔班政府的经济部长，被视为欧尔班最亲近的经济盟友之一。他今年4月曾表示，央行没有法律授权干预基金会的运作，因为它们「独立运作」。今年4月在选举中击败欧尔班上台的总理马扎尔·彼得（Péter Magyar）已表示，央行的过往运作必须接受调查，其执政党也在议会设立了专门的调查委员会。
来源：GSM·美国
Hungary's Former Central Bank Governor Matolcsy Detained in Probe Into 266 Billion Forint Foundations Case
Hungarian prosecutors detained former central bank governor György Matolcsy on October 21 in an investigation into foundations set up by the bank during his tenure, which prosecutors say caused significant financial losses. Since early 2025, prosecutors and police have been examining how more than 266 billion forints ($817 million) of central bank money moved through the foundations and related companies.
The investigation began after a State Audit Office report raised concerns about investments made by a foundation set up by the National Bank of Hungary (NBH) and by Optima Investment Ltd, which managed the foundation's assets. Prosecutors said Matolcsy refused to testify, that they had initiated international arrest warrants against two more people, and that they were seeking his arrest, with a court to decide that week. His lawyer, Pál Bátki, told Reuters Matolcsy was suspected of fraud causing significant financial losses and of using a forged private document, calling the allegations "a very complex set" that the defense had not yet had the opportunity to fully review. Matolcsy has denied wrongdoing.
Prosecutors say the NBH established the Pallas Athene Foundations in 2014, under Matolcsy, and endowed them with public money from the central bank's exchange-rate gains. In May, prosecutors and police seized some 92 billion forints ($300 million) in funds and securities as part of a related money-laundering investigation. They also allege that on February 28, 2025, Matolcsy's penultimate working day as governor, a private equity fund represented by Optima concluded a sham securities lending agreement aimed at transferring control of the foundations' assets to people over whom Matolcsy would retain influence after his mandate expired, so that he and his son could invest the assets for their own profit.
Matolcsy headed the central bank from 2013 to 2025, after serving as economy minister in Viktor Orbán's government from 2010 to 2013, and was considered one of Orbán's closest economic allies. He said in April that the bank had no legal mandate to interfere in the foundations' operations because they "were acting independently." Prime Minister Péter Magyar, who ousted Orbán in an election in April, has said the central bank's past operations must be investigated, and his ruling party has set up a parliamentary committee for that purpose.
Source: GSM·USA
来源：GSM·美国（原文链接）
图片来源：图：位于布达佩斯的匈牙利国家银行总部大楼。图片：Wikimedia Commons，CC BY 2.0
