跟进：路透社独家：拜登与特朗普政府多年来多次要求马斯克开关星链服务
华盛顿——路透社10月24日独家报道称，早在本月乌克兰军用星链接入受限风波之前，拜登政府与特朗普政府都曾多次要求SpaceX负责人马斯克开关星链（Starlink）服务。六名熟悉内情的前美国高级官员说，两届政府的要求涉及乌克兰、伊朗、也门、黎巴嫩等多个国家；所有受访者均要求匿名，路透社称此前美国政府的这些要求系首次见诸报道。
据四名前官员说，拜登任内提出的要求包括：关闭服务，以防伊朗支持的代理民兵在也门和黎巴嫩使用星链通信；同时在伊朗境内开通服务，以及在乌克兰开通服务以支持乌军。据一名特朗普政府前高级官员及一名知情人士说，特朗普政府则在2025年和2026年美国与以色列发动打击之后，要求马斯克在伊朗开通服务，希望借此加强反政府抗议者的上网与通信能力。路透社指出，这些要求显示美国政府在实施外交政策方面对一家私营企业形成了前所未有的依赖；乌克兰军用接入受限一事也令欧洲官员感到不安，一些人认为欧洲必须发展自己的军用卫星通信能力，因为目前尚无可行的短期替代方案。
同一系列的最新事态是，特朗普23日与马斯克通话要求解除对乌克兰星链的限制；《华尔街日报》引述美国官员称，通话后不久系统运行已较为正常，但速度仍未完全恢复。乌克兰总统泽连斯基23日曾说，星链速度尚未恢复，并希望未来几天与美国国务卿鲁比奥会谈；鲁比奥则说，乌克兰能否使用星链取决于SpaceX及其负责人马斯克，而非白宫。24日，乌克兰国防部称速度已恢复至每小时400公里以上（见本批#36）。
（GSM据路透社独家报道及《华尔街日报》经路透社转述综合整理）
Follow-up: Reuters Exclusive: Biden and Trump Administrations Asked Musk for Years to Switch Starlink On or Off
WASHINGTON — Long before this month's dispute over restricted Ukrainian military access to Elon Musk's satellite communications system, the Biden and Trump administrations several times asked SpaceX to turn its Starlink service on or off in various countries, Reuters reported exclusively on October 24, citing six former senior U.S. officials familiar with the matter. All spoke on condition of anonymity, and Reuters said the previous U.S. requests were being reported for the first time.
Four of the former officials said the Biden-era requests included switching the service off to prevent Iranian proxy militias in Yemen and Lebanon from using Starlink to communicate, and switching it on inside Iran and in Ukraine to support Ukraine's military. A former senior Trump official and a person familiar with the matter told Reuters that the Trump administration asked Musk to make the service available in Iran following U.S.-Israeli strikes in 2025 and 2026, hoping to bolster internet access and communications for anti-government protesters. Reuters said the requests showed how far U.S. administrations rely on a private-sector company to help implement foreign policy, and that the limits on Ukraine, a U.S. ally, had rattled officials in Europe, some of whom argue Europe must develop its own military satellite communications capabilities because
no viable short-term alternative currently exists.
In the latest development in the same dispute, Trump called Musk on October 23 to ask him to lift the Ukraine restrictions; The Wall Street Journal, citing U.S. officials, reported the system was working more normally shortly after the call but had not been fully restored. Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskiy said on October 23 that Starlink speed had not been restored and that he hoped to talk with U.S. Secretary of State Marco Rubio in the coming days; Rubio said decisions on Ukraine's Starlink access were up to SpaceX and Musk, not the White House. On October 24, Ukraine's Defense Ministry said speeds were back above 400 kph (see batch item #36).
(GSM, from Reuters' exclusive report and The Wall Street Journal via Reuters)
来源：GSM·美国（原文链接）
图片来源：图：SpaceX火箭夜间发射与助推器返回轨迹，资料图。 / A SpaceX rocket launch and booster return at night (file photo).
