加州财富税选战投入逾3.51亿美元：成该州史上最昂贵选战之一，11月3日由选民表决

据《洛杉矶时报》10月24日报道，围绕加州11月选票上一项拟议财富税的高风险选战，迄今已投入超过3.51亿美元政治捐款，成为加州历史上最昂贵的选战之一。这场选战的核心是第40号提案：将对净资产超过10亿美元的加州居民一次性征收5%的财富税。

第40号提案由医疗工人工会 SEIU 一方推动。按提案文本与专业机构的梳理，征税对象为2026年1月1日时居住在加州、净资产达到10亿美元门槛的个人，净资产以2026年12月31日估值计算，税款可随2026年度州所得税申报缴纳，也可选择分五年等额缴付，但延期部分每年加收7.5%的不可抵扣费用。若获通过，这将是全美首个针对亿万富翁财富的同类税种。支持方称，税收收入大部分将用于医疗等公共开支。

反对阵营的组织规模远大于支持方。据公开竞选财务汇总数据，反对财富税的委员会「建设更美好的加州」（Building a Better California）已筹集约2.966亿美元、已花费约2.766亿美元，其中仅10月4日当周就进账4,500万美元。该阵营还推动了两项与第40号提案竞争的提案同登选票：第41号与第42号提案；按加州选票规则，相互竞争的提案可以同时存在，最终以获得「赞成」票更多者为准发生效力。州长纽森公开反对第40号提案、并支持第42号提案，本站此前已报道其以修宪方式永久禁止加州开征财富税的主张。反对者称，该税会促使富裕居民及其税源迁出加州；支持者则称其为填补医疗经费缺口的方案。

加州选民将于11月3日对包括第40号、41号与42号提案在内的多项全州提案投票。竞选财务申报仍在更新，本报道的支出总额为《洛杉矶时报》依据最新申报作出的统计，后续数字可能继续上升。

关联：

纽森公开支持42号提案：不仅要狙击亿万富翁税，还要修宪永久禁止加州开征财富税

More Than $351 Million Poured Into California Wealth Tax Fight: One of the State's Costliest Campaigns Heads to Voters on November 3

More than $351 million in political donations has been poured into the high-stakes campaign over a proposed wealth tax on California's November ballot, making it one of the most costly campaigns in California history, the Los Angeles Times reported on October 24. At the center of the fight is Proposition 40, which would levy a one-time 5 percent tax on the wealth of California residents whose net worth exceeds $1 billion.

Proposition 40 is backed by the healthcare workers' union SEIU. Under the measure's text and professional summaries of it, the tax would apply to individuals who lived in California as of January 1, 2026 and meet the $1 billion net-worth threshold, with net worth measured as of December 31, 2026. The tax could be paid with the 2026 state income tax return or in five equal annual installments, with a nondeductible 7.5 percent annual deferral charge on amounts paid beyond the first year. If approved, it would be the first tax of its kind on billionaire wealth in the United States. Supporters say most of the revenue would go toward healthcare and other public spending.

The opposition has organized on a far larger scale than the measure's supporters. According to summaries of public campaign finance filings, the anti-wealth-tax committee Building a Better California has raised about $296.6 million and spent about $276.6 million, including $45 million that came in during the week of October 4 alone. The opposition also placed two competing measures on the same ballot, Propositions 41 and 42. Under California ballot rules, competing measures can coexist, and the one receiving more yes votes prevails. Governor Gavin Newsom has publicly opposed Proposition 40 and supports Proposition 42, which would amend the state constitution to permanently bar California from enacting a wealth tax, as GSM has previously reported. Opponents say the tax could push wealthy residents and their tax revenue out of California; supporters present it as a way to close healthcare funding gaps.

California voters will decide Propositions 40, 41 and 42, along with other statewide measures, on November 3. Campaign finance filings continue to be updated, and the $351 million total reported by the Los Angeles Times reflects the latest filings and may rise further.

Related:

Newsom Backs Proposition 42: A Bid Not Only to Block the Billionaire Tax but to Ban a California Wealth Tax in the Constitution

来源：GSM·美国（原文链接）

图片来源：位于 Sacramento 的加州议会大厦黄昏实景（资料图）。照片：Dllu，CC BY-SA 4.0。 / The California State Capitol in Sacramento at dusk (file photo). Photo: Dllu, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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