农业部拟议新规：各州SNAP福利卡须在两年内换成芯片卡 防盗刷与克隆
美国农业部（USDA）已提出一项拟议规则，要求各州把补充营养援助计划（SNAP，俗称粮食券）的电子福利转账卡（EBT卡）从磁条卡升级为带芯片和感应支付功能的卡片，以防范盗刷与克隆。据行业媒体 Supermarket News 10月23日报道，拟议规则将给各州两年时间完成换卡，零售商也须同步更新收款设备以受理新卡，公众意见征集截止日期为12月22日。
农业部表示，换卡预计耗资超过2.8亿美元；截至2025财年第二季度，已有至少3.6亿美元被盗福利获得补发。国会早在2022年就要求农业部着手解决EBT卡盗刷问题，目前已有部分州先行在卡片中加入芯片。Bloomberg Law 10月22日的报道同样指出，规则正式定稿后，各州须在两年内采用更不易被盗刷的芯片支付卡。
全国杂货商协会（NGA）对拟议规则表示欢迎。该协会负责政府事务的高级副总裁 Stephanie Johnson 表示，太多家庭是在结账为家人买食物时，才发现福利已被跨国犯罪组织盗刷；已经采用芯片卡的州，盗刷欺诈显著下降。据 ProPublica 的调查报道，去年约有4.7亿美元SNAP福利被盗，其中一个重要原因是卡片技术落后、容易被侧录。
USDA Proposes Chip-Enabled SNAP EBT Cards: States Would Have Two Years to Replace Magnetic-Stripe Cards
The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) has proposed a rule that would require states to upgrade Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) Electronic Benefit Transfer (EBT) cards from magnetic-stripe cards to cards with chips and tap-to-pay technology, in order to prevent skimming and card cloning. According to trade publication Supermarket News on October 23, the proposed rule would give states two years to update their cards, retailers would also need to make updates to accept the new cards, and the deadline for public comments is December 22.
The USDA says the move will cost over $280 million, and reported that at least $360 million in stolen benefits had been replaced through the second quarter of fiscal year 2025. Congress told the USDA to address EBT card theft back in 2022, and some states have already gone ahead and inserted chips in their cards. Bloomberg Law reported on October 22 that, within two years of a finalized rule, states would have to adopt payment cards with chip technology that are less susceptible to theft.
The National Grocers Association applauded the move. Stephanie Johnson, the association's senior vice president and head of government affairs, said too many families learn their benefits were stolen at the checkout, after multinational criminal organizations skimmed their EBT cards, and that states that adopted chip cards have seen a significant drop in skimming fraud. A ProPublica investigation reported that about $470 million in SNAP benefits were stolen last year, in large part because the cards remain technologically outdated and easy to skim.
来源：GSM·美国（原文链接）
图片来源：美国农业部总部 Jamie L. Whitten 大楼内一场活动的现场，右侧为农业部部旗。照片：美国农业部（USDA），公共领域，经 Wikimedia Commons
