跟进：世卫组织在刚果（金）启动埃博拉疫苗临床试验 肯尼亚出现第二例死亡

世界卫生组织（WHO）总干事谭德塞10月23日宣布，本轮埃博拉疫情中的首个疫苗临床试验当天在刚果民主共和国启动，首批参与者在该国东北部伊图里省首府 Bunia 接种了疫苗。Bunia 是本轮疫情的中心地区。（GSM 据路透社报道）

这项试验名为 Tumaini，在斯瓦希里语中意为「希望」。首批接种的是已获批用于扎伊尔型埃博拉病毒的 Ervebo 疫苗，试验要检验它能否对引发本轮疫情的本迪布焦型（Bundibugyo）病毒提供交叉保护。本迪布焦型埃博拉目前没有获批的疫苗或治疗方法。试验采用单一平台框架，可在同一框架内评估多款候选疫苗的安全性、有效性与免疫原性，并采用环围接种方式，优先覆盖确诊病例的密切接触者等高风险人群。由英国牛津大学与印度血清研究所合作研发的 ChAdOx1 疫苗，以及美国 Moderna 公司研发的 mRNA 疫苗这两款专门针对本迪布焦型的候选疫苗，预计将于近期加入试验，两者目前仍处于较早期的临床阶段。

谭德塞在社交平台 X 上说：「科学给我们带来希望。今天，在刚果（金）的 Bunia，首批参与者在一个名为 Tumaini 的新埃博拉疫苗试验中接种了疫苗。」他表示，这项试验将帮助判断专为本迪布焦型病毒设计的候选疫苗是否有效，世卫组织正支持这项由刚果（金）主导的工作。世卫组织卫生紧急项目执行主任 Chikwe Ihekweazu 表示，Tumaini 试验的启动是关键一步，将确立候选疫苗能否有效保护人们免受本迪布焦型病毒感染。试验首席研究员、刚果（金）国家生物医学研究所的 Hugo Kavunga 表示，首要任务是确认哪些疫苗能安全有效地保护高风险人群。

刚果（金）卫生部门10月20日公布的最新数字显示，该国已录得 9,704 例确诊病例，其中 4,687 人死亡，病死率为 48.3%。本轮疫情于今年5月15日在刚果（金）宣布暴发，世卫组织两天后将其列为国际关注的突发公共卫生事件；这已是刚果（金）有记录以来规模最大、死亡人数最多的一轮埃博拉疫情，也是全球第二大埃博拉疫情，仅次于 2014 至 2016 年的西非疫情。本轮疫情已报告于四个非洲国家，是埃博拉疫情在非洲地理扩散范围最广的一次。

在肯尼亚，卫生部10月23日晚间表示，该国出现第二例埃博拉死亡病例：死者是一名 65 岁女性，是肯尼亚首例病例的近亲属，她在隔离期间出现症状。肯尼亚首例病例是一名从刚果（金）前往 Nairobi 的男子，10月5日在当地一家医院死亡。肯尼亚当局已追踪 135 名接触者并全部隔离，目前共确认 9 例病例、2 例死亡，其余 7 名患者在两处隔离设施接受治疗；卫生部表示，目前没有社区传播的证据。美国国务院本周早些时候已建议美国人重新考虑前往肯尼亚的旅行，并因健康风险上调了对该国的旅行警示等级。

关联：世卫组织：刚果（金）埃博拉疫情跨国扩散令应对更复杂，肯尼亚与尼日利亚追踪密切接触者

Follow-Up: WHO Launches Ebola Vaccine Trial in DR Congo as Kenya Records Second Death

The head of the World Health Organization, Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus, announced on Friday, October 23, that the first clinical trial of an Ebola vaccine during the current outbreak had begun in the Democratic Republic of Congo, with the first participants vaccinated in Bunia, the capital of the northeastern province of Ituri, the centre of the epidemic. (GSM, via Reuters)

The trial, named Tumaini, which means "hope" in Swahili, began with the Ervebo vaccine, which is approved against the more common Zaire strain of Ebola. The trial will assess whether Ervebo offers any cross-protection against the Bundibugyo species behind the current epidemic, for which there is no approved vaccine or treatment. Tumaini uses a single trial framework to assess the safety, efficacy and immunogenicity of several candidates, with ring vaccination focused on contacts and others at high risk. Two Bundibugyo-specific candidates are expected to join the trial shortly: a ChAdOx1 vaccine developed by the University of Oxford with the Serum Institute of India, and an mRNA vaccine from the US company Moderna, both still in earlier-stage clinical trials.

"Science gives us hope. Today, in Bunia, DRC, the first participants were vaccinated in a new Ebola vaccine trial called Tumaini, which means 'hope' in Swahili," Tedros said in a post on X, adding that the trial will help establish whether vaccine candidates designed for the Bundibugyo virus work and that WHO is supporting the DRC-led effort. Chikwe Ihekweazu, executive director of WHO's Health Emergencies Programme, said the launch marked a critical step towards establishing whether candidate vaccines can effectively protect people against the Bundibugyo virus. The trial's principal investigator, Hugo Kavunga of Congo's Institut National de Recherche Biomedicale, said the priority is to establish which vaccines can safely and effectively protect those at risk.

According to the latest figures from Congo's health authorities as of October 20, the country had recorded 9,704 confirmed cases, including 4,687 deaths, a case fatality rate of 48.3 percent. The outbreak, declared on May 15 and designated a public health emergency of international concern two days later, is the largest and deadliest ever recorded in Congo and the second-largest Ebola outbreak globally, after the 2014-2016 West Africa epidemic. It has now been reported in four African countries, the widest geographic spread of any Ebola outbreak on the continent.

In Kenya, the health ministry said late on Friday that the country had recorded a second Ebola death: a 65-year-old woman, a close relative of Kenya's first case, who developed symptoms during quarantine. Kenya's first case was a man who travelled from Congo to Nairobi and died at a Nairobi hospital on October 5. Kenyan authorities have traced 135 contacts, all placed in quarantine, with nine confirmed cases and two deaths; the remaining seven patients are receiving care in two isolation facilities, and the ministry said there was no evidence of community spread. Earlier this week the US State Department advised Americans to reconsider travel to Kenya and raised its travel advisory level for the country because of health risks.

来源：GSM·美国（原文链接）

图片来源：刚果（金）北基伍省 Pinga 埃博拉疫苗接种现场（2019年资料图）。照片：MONUSCO Photos，CC BY-SA 2.0，经 Wikimedia Commons

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