四角地区遭遇“世代一遇”洪水：四州疏散、屋顶救人，警报持续至周末
美国西南部四角地区——新墨西哥、科罗拉多、犹他与亚利桑那四州交界一带——自10月21日（周三）起遭遇罕见强降雨引发的严重洪水，多地发布强制疏散令与紧急状态，救援人员从被淹房屋屋顶救人。截至10月23日（周五）下午的通报，尚未报告死亡病例，但多地河流水位仍处历史高位，气象部门警告威胁将持续至周末。
受灾最重的新墨西哥州圣胡安县已宣布进入紧急状态，低洼地区居民自周四下午起接到疏散通知，棕褐色的洪水灌入民宅、污水被冲入圣胡安河。该县应急管理公共信息官 Devin Neeley 周五下午说：“我们几代人都没有见过这样的洪水。”他同时表示，社区将整个周末保持警戒，“这将对社区产生长期影响。”据美联社报道，Farmington 一带已有约600人接到疏散指令，McGee Park 已开放为安置点。Farmington 警察局长 Steve Hebbe 在周五的发布会上说：“这是千载难逢的时刻，这是真实发生的……到目前为止还没有死亡病例，这是非常幸运的，但这绝不是可以掉以轻心的事。”
犹他州南部城市 Hurricane 周四宣布进入紧急状态，洪水损坏了100多栋房屋与房车，州长 Spencer Cox 在社交媒体上发文，呼吁居民遵守疏散令。科罗拉多州州长 Jared Polis 宣布该州11个县进入灾难紧急状态，并授权国民警卫队协助西南部地区的救援。纳瓦霍族警察局表示，已从被淹房屋中救出7个家庭共30人；亚利桑那州东北部的霍皮部落周四宣布进入紧急状态，称强降雨损坏了道路、桥梁、房屋与其他基础设施。科罗拉多州阿丘利塔县治安官办公室周五上午要求居民就地避险，至傍晚已发出疏散预警。
美国国家气象局 Grand Junction 办公室气象学家 Kris Sanders 说，科罗拉多西南部与犹他东南部降雨量为2至4英寸，圣胡安山脉等高海拔地区高达6英寸，“这些降雨量本身就是纪录”。他表示，这场天气系统的源头是10月15日至18日活跃于太平洋的飓风“特鲁迪”的残余，它演变为缓慢移动的低压系统进入西南部；多地雷暴警戒将持续至周日。亚利桑那州周三晚还遭遇棒球大小的冰雹与一场疑似龙卷风，至少一人受伤。加州大学农业与自然资源部气候科学家 Daniel Swain 说，风暴携带的水汽来自西海岸外创纪录温暖的海水，与强厄尔尼诺事件与海洋热浪有关；他与同行春季曾预测，若厄尔尼诺如预报形成，西南部整个10月都可能出现极端降水事件，“现在看到的正是如此”。
（GSM 据美国国家公共电台10月23日报道及美联社报道综合整理）
'Once-in-a-Generation' Flooding Hits the Four Corners: Four States Order Evacuations and Rooftop Rescues as Warnings Run Through the Weekend
Rare, heavy rainfall since Wednesday, October 21, has brought severe flooding to the Four Corners region — where New Mexico, Colorado, Utah and Arizona meet — forcing evacuations and emergency declarations across four states, sending rescue crews to rooftops, and leaving river levels at historic highs. As of briefings on Friday afternoon, October 23, no deaths had been reported, but forecasters warned the threat would last through the weekend.
In San Juan County, New Mexico, the hardest-hit area, an emergency declaration is in effect and residents of low-lying areas were told to evacuate beginning Thursday afternoon, as brown floodwaters inundated homes and forced sewage into the San Juan River. "We have not seen flooding like this in generations," Devin Neeley, the county's public information officer for emergency management, said Friday afternoon, adding that the community would remain on alert all weekend: "This is going to be a long term impact to this community." The Associated Press reported that about 600 people in the Farmington area had been ordered to evacuate, with McGee Park open as a shelter. Farmington Police Chief Steve Hebbe said at a Friday press conference: "This is a once-in-a-generation time — this is singular and this is real. So far, we have not had any deaths, that is very fortunate, but this is not anything that should be played with."
The southern Utah city of Hurricane declared an emergency on Thursday after flooding damaged more than 100 homes and recreational vehicles, and Governor Spencer Cox urged residents on social media to follow evacuation orders. In Colorado, Governor Jared Polis declared disaster emergencies for 11 counties and authorized National Guard members to assist rescue efforts in the southwest of the state. Navajo Nation police said authorities had rescued seven families — 30 people — from their flooded homes, and the Hopi Tribe in northeastern Arizona declared a state of emergency on Thursday, citing damage to roads, bridges, homes and other infrastructure. The Archuleta County Sheriff's Office in Colorado told residents to shelter in place on Friday morning and issued an evacuation warning by the evening.
Kris Sanders, a meteorologist at the National Weather Service office in Grand Junction, Colorado, said southwest Colorado and southeast Utah received two to four inches of rain, with up to six inches in higher elevations such as the San Juan Mountains: "Those rainfall amounts are records in themselves." He said the system grew out of the remnants of Hurricane Trudy, active in the Pacific from October 15 to 18, which became a slow-moving low-pressure system over the Southwest; thunderstorm watches remain active in many of the same areas through Sunday. Arizona also saw baseball-sized hail and a possible tornado on Wednesday evening that injured at least one person. Daniel Swain, a climate scientist with the University of California Agriculture and Natural Resources, said the storms were fueled by moisture from record-warm waters off parts of the West Coast, driven by a strong El Niño event and a preexisting marine heat wave; he and others had predicted in the spring that if El Niño materialized as forecast, the Southwest could see extreme precipitation events through October: "Now, that is exactly what we've seen."
(GSM, from NPR, October 23, and Associated Press reporting)
来源：GSM·美国（原文链接）
图片来源：Farmington 一带圣胡安河与阿尼马斯河交汇处航拍，资料图。照片：Dicklyon，CC BY-SA 4.0，经 Wikimedia Commons
