菲律宾国防部长特奥多罗：中国若强行拖走「马德雷山号」将被视为战争行为
马尼拉消息：菲律宾国防部长 Gilberto Teodoro Jr.（特奥多罗）10月23日在与记者的线上采访中表示，中国若试图以武力拖走搁浅在仁爱礁（菲方称阿永金礁，Ayungin Shoal）的菲律宾海军军舰「马德雷山号」（BRP Sierra Madre），将构成针对菲律宾共和国的「战争行为」。
特奥多罗说：「任何针对『马德雷山号』的威胁都将被严肃对待，因为这将是对菲律宾共和国一艘军舰的攻击行为。」他说，该舰是菲律宾共和国的军舰，「如果有人企图对它动手，或者在它身上发生任何因使用武力而导致的事情，那就是针对菲律宾共和国的战争行为」。他同时澄清，「战争行为」不同于「战争状态」：依菲律宾1987年宪法，宣布存在战争状态须经国会两院分别以三分之二多数表决通过，只有总统与国会有此权力，他本人作为国防部长无权宣布。
被问及中方若登临或拖走该舰、是否会触发菲律宾与美国1951年签署的《美菲共同防御条约》时，特奥多罗表示「这种可能性是存在的」，但是否援引条约将由总统 Ferdinand Marcos Jr.（马科斯）决定。他以涉及作战事宜为由，拒绝说明菲律宾军方是否会修改舰上驻守部队的交战规则。特奥多罗还否认了中国媒体关于菲方在补给前曾向中国海警通报的说法，称菲律宾向本国军舰运送补给无须向任何一方申请许可；被问及报道中的经济制裁措施时，他表示，菲律宾对中国的依赖有可能被对方用作武器，菲律宾政府与私营部门应强化本土产业、推动供应链多元化。
这番表态针对的是近日一则报道。据菲律宾多家媒体报道，马尼拉的中文报纸《中国商报》本周刊文称，中国正考虑对菲律宾采取十项反制措施，其中包括将「马德雷山号」拖离仁爱礁、阻断菲方补给行动、实施贸易制裁，以及禁止部分菲律宾政界人士入境中国内地和港澳地区、冻结其在华资产等。该报同时指出，中国官方尚未证实这些措施是否已进入正式决策。菲律宾外交部此前已批评中国驻菲律宾大使馆在社交媒体上就相关报道的发帖，称其言辞升级事态、不合外交惯例。截至发稿时，中国官方尚未就特奥多罗10月23日的表态作出公开回应。中国国防部此前多次表示，仁爱礁是中国南沙群岛的一部分，菲律宾领土范围不包括黄岩岛与南沙群岛岛礁，菲方应尽快拖走非法「坐滩」的军舰，中方将以有力行动遏制「祸乱南海」的行径。
「马德雷山号」原为二战时期的坦克登陆舰，舷号 LS-57，1999年起被菲律宾方面搁浅在仁爱礁上，作为军事前哨，舰上有菲律宾海军陆战队人员驻守，菲方定期执行人员轮换与补给。仁爱礁位于菲律宾巴拉望岛以西约194公里，菲方称其位于菲律宾专属经济区内；中国主张对南沙群岛及其附近海域拥有主权。2016年，设在海牙的仲裁庭裁定，中国在南海「九段线」范围内的历史性权利主张缺乏法律依据；中国表示不接受、不承认该裁决。今年9月，菲律宾武装部队称，因中国海警和海军舰艇阻挠，菲方一度暂停一次补给任务；本月早些时候，菲律宾海岸警卫队称，中国船只阻挠了「马德雷山号」的一次医疗后送，使一名患病水兵的转运延误近10小时。数日前，菲方完成了对该舰的新一轮人员轮换与补给。
关联：中国国防部：菲律宾领土范围不包括黄岩岛与南沙岛礁 中方将以有力行动遏制祸乱南海行径
（图：「马德雷山号」舰上飘扬的菲律宾国旗，2017年资料图。）
来源：GSM·美国
Philippine Defense Secretary Teodoro: Any Chinese Attempt to Tow Away BRP Sierra Madre Would Be an Act of War
MANILA — Philippine Secretary of National Defense Gilberto Teodoro Jr. said in a virtual interview with reporters on October 23 that any attempt by China to forcibly tow away the BRP Sierra Madre, the Philippine Navy vessel grounded at Ayungin Shoal (Second Thomas Shoal), would constitute an "act of war" against the Republic of the Philippines.
"Any threat against BRP Sierra Madre will be taken very seriously because it will be an act against a military vessel of the Republic of the Philippines," Teodoro said. The vessel is a ship of the Republic of the Philippines, he said, adding: "If anything is attempted against it, or anything happens to it through the use of force, that is an act of war against the Republic of the Philippines." He clarified that an "act of war" is different from a "state of war": under the 1987 Philippine Constitution, only the President and Congress can declare the existence of a state of war, by a two-thirds vote of both chambers voting separately, and he as defense secretary has no such authority.
Asked whether a Chinese attempt to board or tow the vessel could trigger the 1951 Mutual Defense Treaty between the Philippines and the United States, Teodoro said "the possibility is open," but that whether it would engender a treaty response would be a decision for President Ferdinand Marcos Jr. He declined to discuss whether the military would update the rules of engagement for troops aboard the ship, citing operational matters. Teodoro also rejected claims in Chinese media that Manila had notified the China Coast Guard ahead of its resupply missions, saying the Philippines needs no one's permission to resupply its own warship. Asked about reported economic sanctions, he said the Philippines' dependence on China could be used as a weapon against it, and urged the government and the private sector to strengthen domestic industries and diversify supply chains.
The remarks responded to a report published this week by the Chinese Commercial News, a Chinese-language newspaper in Manila, which said China is considering ten countermeasures against the Philippines, including towing the Sierra Madre off the shoal, blocking Philippine resupply missions and imposing trade sanctions, as well as barring some Philippine politicians from mainland China, Hong Kong and Macau and freezing their assets in China. The newspaper noted that Chinese authorities have not confirmed the measures. The Philippine Department of Foreign Affairs had earlier rebuked social media posts by the Chinese Embassy in Manila about the reported measures, calling them escalatory and undiplomatic. As of publication, Chinese officials had not publicly responded to Teodoro's October 23 remarks. China's Ministry of National Defense has repeatedly said that Ren'ai Jiao (Ayungin Shoal) is part of China's Nansha Islands, that Philippine territory does not include Huangyan Dao or the Nansha Islands, and that the Philippines should promptly tow away the warship illegally "grounded" at the shoal.
The Sierra Madre, a World War II-era tank landing ship with hull number LS-57, was grounded at Ayungin Shoal in 1999 and serves as a Philippine military outpost, manned by Philippine Marines, to which the Philippines regularly runs rotation and resupply missions. The shoal lies about 194 kilometers west of Palawan; the Philippines says it sits within the Philippine exclusive economic zone, while China claims sovereignty over the Nansha (Spratly) Islands and their adjacent waters. In 2016, an arbitral tribunal in The Hague ruled that the legal basis for China's sweeping historic-rights claims within its "nine-dash line" was invalid; China has refused to recognize the ruling. In September, the Armed Forces of the Philippines suspended a resupply mission after Chinese coast guard and naval vessels obstructed Philippine ships near the shoal, and earlier this month the Philippine Coast Guard said Chinese vessels delayed a medical evacuation from the Sierra Madre by nearly 10 hours. The Philippines completed another rotation and resupply mission to the vessel several days ago.
(Pictured: the Philippine flag flying aboard BRP Sierra Madre, in a 2017 file photo.)
Source: GSM · America
来源：GSM·美国（原文链接）
图片来源：图：「马德雷山号」（BRP Sierra Madre，舷号 LS-57）舰上飘扬的菲律宾国旗，2017年。图片来源：菲律宾海军西部海军部队（Naval Forces West），公共领域，经维基共享资源。Photo: The Philippine flag flying aboard BRP Sierra Madre (LS-57), 2017. Source: Philippine Navy, Naval Forces West; public domain, via Wikimedia Commons.
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