司法部起诉阿拉斯加州：要求若现任参议员落败，暂缓认证参议院选举结果

美国司法部10月22日向位于阿拉斯加州的联邦法院提起诉讼，要求法院阻止阿拉斯加州在现任参议员 Dan S. Sullivan 落败的情况下认证该州参议院选举结果。诉状称，选票上另一名姓名相近的候选人 Daniel J. Sullivan 可能使选民产生混淆。

Dan S. Sullivan 是共和党人，2015年起担任阿拉斯加州联邦参议员，目前在11月3日的中期选举中迎战民主党对手、前众议员 Mary Peltola。Daniel J. Sullivan 是一名退休教师，今年以共和党人身份登记参选；阿拉斯加州选票上，他的名字旁不标注党派，现任参议员则标注为注册共和党人并注明现任身份。据 CNN 报道，在8月初选中，现任参议员获得68,726票，Daniel J. Sullivan 获得4,107票。

司法部在诉状中称，Daniel J. Sullivan 参选的意图是误导现任参议员的支持者、使 Peltola 阵营受益，并要求法院宣告：若州政府认证一份可能受选民混淆影响的结果，将违反《全国选民登记法》下保护选举程序完整性的义务；司法部同时要求在查清投给 Daniel J. Sullivan 的选票是否本意投给现任参议员之前，暂缓认证。Daniel J. Sullivan 上月接受《华尔街日报》采访时否认自己是民主党安排的候选人。

这场同名争议此前已在阿拉斯加州内经过诉讼：州选举部门最初以其参选并非出于善意为由将其移出选票，阿拉斯加州最高法院其后批准两名 Sullivan 同时出现在选票上；州共和党在初选阶段要求将其移出选票也未成功。阿拉斯加州选举部门与 Peltola 阵营尚未对司法部的诉讼公开回应。圣母大学法学教授 Derek Muller 称，司法部的法律论证是他见过最弱的论证之一。阿拉斯加州采用排序复选制，初选前四名进入大选，该州参议院席位被视为可能决定参议院控制权的竞争席位之一。（GSM 据《今日美国》、CNN 与《华尔街日报》报道）

另据报道，Daniel J. Sullivan 在初选与大选之间变更了党派登记，选票上因此被列为无党派人士。圣母大学法学教授 Derek Muller 还表示，司法部的这一法律论证「和过去几年司法部的许多信函一样，是为了赢得新闻稿，而不是赢得诉讼」。

Justice Department Sues Alaska: Seeks to Block Senate Result Certification if Incumbent Loses

The U.S. Department of Justice filed a lawsuit in federal court in Alaska on Oct. 22 seeking to block the state from certifying its U.S. Senate election result if incumbent Sen. Dan S. Sullivan loses. The complaint says another candidate with a nearly identical name, Daniel J. Sullivan, could confuse voters.

Dan S. Sullivan, a Republican who has served as a U.S. senator from Alaska since 2015, faces former Rep. Mary Peltola, a Democrat, in the Nov. 3 midterm election. Daniel J. Sullivan is a retired schoolteacher who registered as a Republican this year; on the Alaska ballot he is listed without a party affiliation, while the incumbent is listed as a registered Republican and identified as the incumbent. According to CNN, the incumbent won 68,726 votes in the August primary and Daniel J. Sullivan won 4,107.

The Justice Department alleges in the complaint that Daniel J. Sullivan ran with the intention of misleading the incumbent's supporters and benefiting the Peltola campaign. It asks the court to declare that certifying a result potentially affected by voter confusion would violate the state's duties under the National Voter Registration Act to protect the integrity of the electoral process, and to delay certification pending an investigation into whether votes cast for Daniel J. Sullivan were meant for the senator. Daniel J. Sullivan denied in a Wall Street Journal interview last month that he was a Democratic plant.

The same-name dispute was litigated earlier inside Alaska: the state Division of Elections initially kept the challenger off the ballot, the Alaska Supreme Court then approved both Sullivans appearing on the ballot, and an Alaska Republican Party effort to remove him during the primary failed. Neither the Division of Elections nor the Peltola campaign had publicly responded to the federal lawsuit. Derek Muller, a law professor at Notre Dame, called the Justice Department's legal argument one of the worst he has ever seen. Alaska uses ranked-choice voting, with the top four primary finishers advancing to the general election, and the seat is viewed as one that could help decide control of the Senate. (GSM, based on reporting by USA Today, CNN and The Wall Street Journal)

Daniel J. Sullivan also changed his party registration between the primary and the general election and is listed on the ballot as unaffiliated. Notre Dame law professor Derek Muller added that the department's legal theory, "like many Department letters over the last few years, is designed to win the press release rather than the litigation."

来源：GSM·美国（原文链接）

图片来源：图：位于 Juneau 的阿拉斯加州议会大厦，阿拉斯加州选举事务由州选举部门负责。照片：Matt Howry，CC BY 2.0，经 Wikimedia Commons。 / The Alaska State Capitol in Juneau. Photo: Matt Howry, CC BY 2.0, via Wikimedia Commons.

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