疾控中心 CDC 发布前列腺癌筛查科普视频：55至69岁男性应与医生共同决定是否筛查
华盛顿——美国疾控中心（CDC）10 月 23 日在其官方视频频道发布两条「与内森对话」（Talk to Nathan）系列前列腺癌筛查科普视频，借动画人物内森的讲解，提醒男性在决定是否接受前列腺癌筛查前，先了解筛查的益处与风险，并与医生共同作出决定。两条视频中，一条讲解男性如何判断筛查是否适合自己，片长 1 分 19 秒；另一条讲解前列腺癌筛查的基本知识，片长 1 分 23 秒。
CDC 的筛查说明沿用美国预防服务工作组（USPSTF）的现行建议：55 至 69 岁男性应自行决定是否接受前列腺特异性抗原（PSA）筛查，决定前应与医生讨论筛查以及其他检查和治疗的益处与风险；70 岁及以上男性不建议例行筛查。这一建议适用于患癌风险为平均或较高、没有前列腺癌症状、且从未确诊过前列腺癌的男性。CDC 此次是以短视频形式重申其长期沿用的筛查口径，并非新出台的规定。
CDC 介绍，前列腺癌目前没有标准筛查检测，主要检测是 PSA 血液检测，测量血液中前列腺特异性抗原的水平；部分医生还会做直肠指检（DRE），但美国预防服务工作组（USPSTF）认为其获益证据不足，不推荐以直肠指检作为筛查手段。PSA 水平升高并不等于患癌：前列腺增生、前列腺感染、某些药物和某些医疗操作都会影响 PSA 数值，年龄与种族也会影响水平高低，检测结果应由医生解读；若 PSA 检测结果异常，医生可能建议做活检，以确认是否患癌。
CDC 提示，前列腺癌筛查检测可能纳入医疗保险给付范围，读者可向自己的保险计划查询具体给付项目；正在考虑接受筛查的男性，应先了解筛查可能带来的益处与风险，并与医生讨论自己的个人患癌风险。
CDC Posts Prostate Cancer Screening Videos: Men 55 to 69 Should Decide With Their Doctor
Washington — The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) on October 23 posted two short videos from its 'Talk to Nathan' series on its official video channel, using the animated character Nathan to explain prostate cancer screening and urging men to learn the possible benefits and risks and to make the decision together with their doctor. One video, running 1 minute 19 seconds, explains how men can decide whether screening is right for them; the other, running 1 minute 23 seconds, covers the basics of prostate cancer screening.
The CDC's screening guidance follows the current recommendation of the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF): men who are 55 to 69 should make their own decision about being screened for prostate cancer with the prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test, and before deciding should talk to their doctor about the benefits and risks of screening, including the benefits and risks of other tests and treatment; men who are 70 and older should not be screened routinely. The recommendation applies to men who are at average or increased risk for prostate cancer, do not have symptoms, and have never been diagnosed with the disease. The videos restate the CDC's longstanding screening guidance in short-form video; they do not announce a new policy.
According to the CDC, there is no standard test to screen for prostate cancer. The main screening test is the PSA blood test, which measures the level of prostate-specific antigen in the blood. Some doctors may also use a digital rectal examination (DRE), but the USPSTF does not recommend DRE as a screening test because of a lack of evidence on the benefits. A higher PSA level does not necessarily mean cancer: an enlarged prostate, a prostate infection, certain medications and certain medical procedures can all affect PSA levels, as can age and race, and the CDC says a doctor is the best person to interpret the results. If the PSA test is abnormal, the doctor may recommend a biopsy to find out if cancer is present.
The CDC notes that prostate cancer screening tests may be covered by a health insurance policy, and advises readers to check with their plan to find out which tests are covered. Men thinking about getting screened should learn about the possible benefits and risks of screening and talk to their doctor about their personal risk of getting prostate cancer.
来源：GSM·美国（原文链接）
图片来源：图：美国疾控中心（CDC）官方科普视频《与内森对话：想一想前列腺癌筛查》封面，CDC 官方发布，公共领域。Cover of the CDC official video 'Talk to Nathan: Thinking About Prostate Cancer Screening.' Official CDC release, public domain.
