澳大利亚签证品格审查新规10月31日生效：在澳纽带降权，家暴与仇恨行为从严
堪培拉——澳大利亚内政部长Tony Burke于9月18日签署的部长令Direction 123将于10月31日生效，取代2024年6月起实施的Direction 110，成为移民官员与行政复议仲裁庭（ART）依据《移民法》第501条作出签证拒签、取消以及第501CA条强制取消撤销决定时必须遵循的裁量指引。品格测试本身（第501(6)条）并未改变，改变的是未通过品格测试之后各因素的权衡规则。
最主要的变化是「主要考虑」由五项减为四项：保护澳大利亚社区免受犯罪或其他严重行为侵害、相关行为是否构成家庭暴力、澳大利亚社区的期望、以及在澳未成年子女的最佳利益。原先列为主要考虑的「与澳大利亚的联系」（联系的强度、性质与居留时长）被降入「其他考虑」，权重相应降低；「对澳大利亚商业利益的影响」则不再被列为一项有利考虑。
其二，家庭暴力的定义被扩大，明确涵盖跟踪、基于影像的虐待、违反法庭保护令等行为。其三，仇恨相关行为受到更多强调，包括仇恨犯罪、仇恨言论、公开煽动暴力以及与极端或仇恨组织的关联。其四，新令在多处把对未来行为风险的措辞由「会/将」（would/will）降为「可能」（might）；部分法定最高刑在5年以上的毒品与财产犯罪被列为须高度重视的事项。
多家移民律师行与澳大利亚移民协会（MIA）指出，新规生效后，未决的品格类案件将按新框架裁量。对在澳华人持签者而言，长期居留、家庭与工作联系等以往较有分量的有利因素权重下降，涉及家庭暴力与仇恨行为等记录的取消签证风险则明显上升。（据澳大利亚内政部Direction 123原文与澳大利亚移民协会说明）
来源：GSM·美国
Australia's New Visa Character Direction Takes Effect October 31: Less Weight for Ties, Tougher Line on Family Violence and Hate Conduct
Canberra-- Direction 123, a ministerial direction signed by Australian Home Affairs Minister Tony Burke on September 18, takes effect on October 31, replacing Direction 110, which has applied since June 2024. The direction binds departmental delegates and the Administrative Review Tribunal (ART) when making visa refusal and cancellation decisions under section 501 of the Migration Act, and decisions under section 501CA on revoking a mandatory cancellation. The character test itself, in section 501(6), is unchanged; what changes is how decision-makers weigh the factors once a person does not pass it.
The most significant change is that the 'primary considerations' fall from five to four: protecting the Australian community from criminal or other serious conduct; whether the conduct constitutes family violence; the expectations of the Australian community; and the best interests of minor children in Australia. An individual's ties to Australia -- the strength, nature and duration of those ties, previously a primary consideration -- are demoted to an 'other consideration', reducing their weight, while 'impact on Australian business interests' is no longer listed as a favourable factor.
Second, the definition of family violence is broadened to expressly include stalking, image-based abuse and breaches of court orders. Third, hate-related conduct receives sharper emphasis, including hate crimes, hate speech, public incitement to violence and associations with extremist or hate organisations. Fourth, the direction lowers the future-risk threshold in several places, from conduct a person 'would or will' engage in to conduct they 'might' engage in, and names certain drug and property offences carrying maximum penalties of five years or more as matters of high concern.
Migration law firms and the Migration Institute of Australia note that undecided character cases will be weighed under the new framework once it commences. For Chinese visa holders in Australia, long residence and family and work ties will carry less weight than before, while records involving family violence or hate-related conduct will carry greater cancellation risk. (Reporting based on the text of Direction 123 issued by Australia's Department of Home Affairs and Migration Institute of Australia guidance.)
Source: GSM · USA
来源：GSM·美国（原文链接）
图片来源：澳大利亚堪培拉国会大厦。图片来源：Wikimedia Commons，Dietmar Rabich摄，CC BY-SA 4.0授权
