美国核监管委员会定版新规：反应堆许可申请可引用能源部与国防部示范项目数据
美国华盛顿讯：美国核监管委员会（NRC）10月22日定版一项新规，允许企业在提交反应堆许可申请时，引用美国能源部与国防部示范项目产生的分析、数据与信息。路透社称，这是特朗普总统去年要求该机构加快审批以来，反应堆监管规则的首次重大调整。（GSM 据路透社报道）
新规旨在为预期中的一批高技术反应堆申请铺路，其中包括小型模块化反应堆。特朗普2025年5月签署的行政令要求核监管委员会在18个月内完成新反应堆设计的审批，此举当时曾引发外界对该机构独立性被削弱的批评。核监管委员会负责监管核燃料各阶段的安全与全国核反应堆的安全运行。
核监管委员会主席 Ho Nieh 对记者表示，新规不会让项目绕过该机构的严格标准：「这不是捷径，也不是妥协。」他同时表示，核监管委员会在「后果分析」方面的审查可能更为严格，即评估严重反应堆事故可能造成的场外辐射、健康与经济影响，以及地震、龙卷风等自然灾害风险。
忧思科学家联盟的核安全活动人士、物理学家 Edwin Lyman 表示，核监管委员会必须保持作出独立安全与安保判断的权威，不能只是照搬能源部与国防部的决定；他称，尽管核监管委员会的许可程序并非完美，其严格与透明程度仍远高于能源部与国防部的程序。
NRC Finalizes Rule Allowing Reactor Applicants to Use Data From Energy and Defense Department Demonstration Projects
Washington: The U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) on October 22 finalized a rule allowing companies to use analyses, data and information from reactor demonstration projects at the U.S. Department of Energy and the Department of Defense to support reactor license applications. Reuters described it as the first major change to reactor regulations since President Donald Trump ordered the agency to speed up its reviews. (GSM, based on reporting by Reuters)
The rule is intended to support an expected wave of applications for high-technology reactor projects, including small modular reactors. Executive orders signed by Trump in May 2025 directed the NRC to finish approvals for new reactor designs within 18 months, a move that drew criticism that the administration was reducing the NRC's independence. The NRC regulates the safety of nuclear fuel at all stages and oversees the safe operation of the nation's nuclear reactors.
NRC Chairman Ho Nieh told reporters the rule will not allow projects to get around the agency's strict standards. "This is not a shortcut, this is not a compromise," Nieh said. He added that NRC reviews could be more stringent on consequence analysis, the estimation of potential offsite radiological, health or economic impacts of severe reactor accidents, and of hazards from natural events such as earthquakes or tornadoes.
Edwin Lyman, a physicist and nuclear safety activist with the Union of Concerned Scientists, said it is critical that the NRC maintain its authority to make independent safety and security determinations and not simply ape the decisions of the Energy and Defense departments, adding that for all their flaws, the NRC's licensing procedures are far more rigorous and transparent than those of the two departments.
来源：GSM·美国（原文链接）
图片来源：图：核电站冷却塔（资料图）。Vadim Mouchkin／国际原子能机构图片库（IAEA Imagebank）摄，CC BY-SA 2.0，经维基共享资源。Photo: Cooling towers of a nuclear power plant (file photo). Photo by Vadim Mouchkin / IAEA Imagebank, CC BY-SA 2.0, via Wikimedia Commons.
