跟进：生蚝沙门氏菌疫情弗吉尼亚州统计达55人 涉及19个州 与CDC的27人统计口径不同

美国弗吉尼亚州讯：与弗吉尼亚州 Little Wicomico River 生蚝相关的沙门氏菌疫情出现新的统计口径。弗吉尼亚州卫生部统计显示，这起疫情已涉及19个州、共55人患病，发病时间从今年5月下旬持续到10月6日。本站10月20日曾报道，疾控中心（CDC）10月19日公布的数字为12个州27人感染、5人住院、无人死亡。（GSM 据 Food Safety News 汇总 CDC 与弗吉尼亚州卫生部数据报道）

两个数字的差别源于统计口径：CDC 的27人是经基因测序比对确认、与疫情菌株 Salmonella Telelkebir 高度匹配的「基因亚群」病例；弗吉尼亚州卫生部的55人则是更广口径的疫情相关病例。CDC 表示，患者样本完成测序并与疫情菌株匹配通常需要三到四周，并估计每确认1名患者，平均对应约29名未被检出的感染者，实际感染人数可能高于任一统计数字。

溯源与召回方面，CDC 对10名报告曾生食生蚝的患者中的7人取得了贝类标签与溯源记录，唯一共同来源是 Little Wicomico Oyster Company 在 Little Wicomico River 采收的生蚝。该公司已自愿召回9月18日至10月8日采收的带壳生蚝；弗吉尼亚州卫生部已下达紧急封禁令，暂时关闭该河下游水域的贝类采收，封禁预计持续至11月7日。佐治亚州农业部称，Publix 超市曾以「James River Oysters」之名销售涉事生蚝至10月14日，即召回发布五天之后。

据食品药品监管局（FDA）的召回通告，涉事生蚝曾分销至加利福尼亚州、科罗拉多州、康涅狄格州、佛罗里达州、佐治亚州、伊利诺伊州、马里兰州、密苏里州、北卡罗来纳州、新泽西州、内华达州、纽约州、宾夕法尼亚州、德克萨斯州与弗吉尼亚州的餐厅与零售商，以及华盛顿特区，也可能流向其他地点。沙门氏菌感染症状通常在食用后6小时至6天内出现，包括腹泻、发烧与腹部痉挛；FDA 表示，受污染食品的外观、气味与味道都可能正常，充分加热烹煮可以杀灭沙门氏菌。

Follow-Up: Virginia Counts 55 Illnesses in Oyster Salmonella Outbreak Across 19 States, Above CDC's Figure of 27

Virginia: A Salmonella outbreak linked to oysters from Virginia's Little Wicomico River now carries a second, larger official count. The Virginia Department of Health has documented 55 patients across 19 states, with illnesses beginning in late May and running through October 6. GSM reported on October 20 that the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), in its October 19 update, counted 27 illnesses in 12 states, with five hospitalizations and no deaths. (GSM, based on Food Safety News' summary of CDC and Virginia Department of Health data)

The two figures differ because they measure different things: the CDC's 27 cases form a genomic subcluster of Salmonella Telelkebir closely matched to the outbreak strain, while Virginia's 55 is a broader count of outbreak-associated illnesses. The CDC notes that it typically takes three to four weeks for a patient sample to be sequenced and matched to an outbreak, and estimates that for every confirmed Salmonella patient there are about 29 who are not detected, so the true number of illnesses is likely higher than either count.

On traceback, the CDC obtained shellfish tag and traceback records for seven of ten patients who reported eating raw oysters, and the only source common to all seven was oysters harvested by the Little Wicomico Oyster Company from the Little Wicomico River. The company has voluntarily recalled whole in-shell oysters harvested between September 18 and October 8, and the Virginia Department of Health has issued an emergency condemnation order temporarily closing the downstream portion of the river to shellfish harvesting, a closure expected to remain in place through November 7. Georgia's Department of Agriculture says Publix sold the recalled oysters as "James River Oysters" through October 14, five days after the recall was issued.

According to the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) recall notice, the oysters were distributed to restaurants and retailers in California, Colorado, Connecticut, Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Maryland, Missouri, North Carolina, New Jersey, Nevada, New York, Pennsylvania, Texas and Virginia, as well as Washington, D.C., with possible further distribution. Symptoms of Salmonella infection usually begin six hours to six days after eating contaminated food and include diarrhea, fever and stomach cramps; the FDA says food containing Salmonella may look, smell and taste normal, and thorough cooking kills the bacteria.

来源：GSM·美国（原文链接）

图片来源：图：餐厅供应的生蚝（资料图）。CC0 图片，经维基共享资源（Unsplash）。Photo: Raw oysters served at a restaurant (file photo). CC0 image via Wikimedia Commons (Unsplash).

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