卫星发现新墨西哥州油气设施166处重大甲烷泄漏：多数似乎未按州规上报
环保组织 Gas Leaks Project 与 Earthworks 10月22日发布的一份新报告显示，卫星在2025年1月1日至2026年4月30日期间，于新墨西哥州121处油气设施共发现166起重大甲烷泄漏，其中多数似乎并未按州法规和运营许可要求上报。
泄漏数据由 Carbon Mapper 公司的 Tanager-1 甲烷探测卫星记录，该卫星在此期间对新墨西哥州境内的二叠纪盆地拍摄了50幅图像，每幅覆盖约77英里乘15英里的地表，两家机构据此将排放源锁定到具体设施。报告指出，泄漏条目最多的两家运营商为 Energy Transfer 与 Targa Resources，均未回应置评；出现第二大单起泄漏事件的 EOG Resources，其发言人表示「不打算参与这篇报道」。
报告认定的全部泄漏（有完整排放数据的）均达到美国环保署「甲烷超级排放者计划」下的高污染标准；环保署署长 Lee Zeldin 本月初在 Santa Fe 的一场会议上已承诺取消这一拜登时代项目。甲烷的温室效应约为二氧化碳的80倍。
新墨西哥州环境厅厅长 James Kenney 表示，该厅虽未见过这份报告，但已在用 Carbon Mapper 卫星数据「锁定企业开展合规调查」；该厅的监管委员会正审议州级超级排放者规则。该州自2022年起已禁止油气设施常规放空燃烧。在报告期结束后的五个半月里，卫星又发现了84处甲烷羽流、涉及73个排放源。（GSM 据 KSFR／Capital and Main 报道）
Satellite Detects 166 Major Methane Leaks at New Mexico Oil and Gas Facilities: Most Appear Unreported as State Rules Require
A new report released October 22 by the Gas Leaks Project and Earthworks tallied 166 major methane leaks at 121 New Mexico oil and gas facilities between January 1, 2025, and April 30, 2026, and most of the leaks appear not to have been reported to the state as required by New Mexico rules and operator permits.
The leaks were recorded by Carbon Mapper's Tanager-1 methane detection satellite, which took 50 images of New Mexico's portion of the Permian Basin during that period, each covering roughly 77 by 15 miles of the surface, allowing the two groups to tie the emissions to specific facilities. Energy Transfer and Targa Resources, the two companies with the most entries in the report, did not respond to requests for comment; a spokesperson for EOG Resources, which had the second-largest single recorded incident, said the company did not anticipate contributing to the story.
All of the identified leaks with complete emission data appear to qualify as highly polluting super-emitter events under the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Methane Super Emitter Program, a Biden-era program that EPA Administrator Lee Zeldin promised to cancel at a meeting in Santa Fe earlier this month. Methane is about 80 times more effective at trapping heat in the atmosphere than carbon dioxide.
James Kenney, secretary of the New Mexico Environment Department, said the department had not seen the report but already uses Carbon Mapper satellite data to target companies for compliance investigation, and the department's governing board is considering state super-emitter rules. New Mexico has banned regular venting and flaring at oil and gas facilities since 2022. In the five and a half months after the report period ended, the satellite spotted another 84 methane plumes from 73 sources. (GSM, based on KSFR / Capital and Main reporting)
来源：GSM·美国（原文链接）
图片来源：二叠纪盆地油田抽油机。图片：Quintin Soloviev，CC BY 4.0，来源 Wikimedia Commons
