印度一半燃煤电厂库存告急：96座电厂存煤不足三天，高温与季风减弱推高用电需求
新德里——据路透社10月21日报道，印度政府数据显示，受与厄尔尼诺现象相关的异常高温天气推动，用电需求激增，印度191座燃煤电厂中已有一半的燃料库存降至临界水平。
印度中央电力局（Central Electricity Authority）的数据显示，截至10月19日，煤炭库存处于临界水平的电厂数量已升至96座，而9月中旬时为60座。路透社称，所谓临界水平指电厂存煤仅够发电不到三天。库存告急之际，印度煤炭部上周表示已加大对电厂的煤炭供应。数据显示，印度各电厂的煤炭总库存自本月初以来已下降约5%。
需求端压力来自多重因素：今年的日峰值用电需求比一年前高出约45至50吉瓦（GW）；季风降雨减弱使水力发电减少，进一步增加了对燃煤电厂的依赖。中央电力局数据显示，9月印度用电供需缺口扩大至5.6亿千瓦时，为2023年8月以来最高；尽管如此，燃煤发电量9月同比增长13.3%，水力发电量同比下降20%。
Half of India's Coal Plants Run Critically Low on Fuel: 96 Plants Hold Less Than Three Days' Supply as Demand Surges
NEW DELHI — Half of India's 191 coal-fired power plants are operating with critically low fuel stocks due to a surge in power demand amid hotter-than-usual weather linked to El Niño, government data showed, Reuters reported on October 21.
The number of plants with critically low coal stocks — defined as having enough fuel to generate power for less than three days — rose to 96 as of October 19, from 60 plants in mid-September, data from the Central Electricity Authority (CEA) showed. The shortages are occurring even as India's coal ministry said last week that it had ramped up supplies to power plants. India's total coal stocks at power stations have fallen by about 5% since the beginning of the month, the data showed.
Daily peak electricity demand this year has been running about 45 gigawatts to 50 GW higher than a year earlier, partly because weaker monsoon rains reduced hydroelectric output and increased reliance on thermal plants. In September, the gap between India's power demand and electricity supply widened to 560 million kilowatt-hours, the highest since August 2023, even as coal-fired generation rose 13.3% from a year earlier while hydropower generation fell 20%, the CEA data showed.
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图片来源：图：印度温迪亚查尔超级火力发电站（资料图）。照片：Jayadevp13，CC BY-SA 4.0，经Wikimedia Commons。The Vindhyachal Super Thermal Power Station in India (file photo). Photo: Jayadevp13, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons.
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