日本央行行长植田和男：基础通胀「已相当接近」2%目标 高市早苗国会否认「高市弱日元」说法

东京——据路透社报道，日本银行（央行）行长植田和男周一在国会表示，日本的基础通胀「已相当接近」央行2%的目标，全球人工智能需求强劲，正与紧俏的就业市场一道加大通胀压力。

植田说：「把基础通胀锚定在2%目标附近正变得越发重要。」他表示，中东冲突推高原材料成本的同时，紧俏的就业市场与温和的经济复苏也在带来需求拉动型价格压力；「非常强劲的全球AI需求正在提振资本开支与出口，从而推高广泛商品的价格。」他还说，以适当节奏加息有助于避免债券收益率飙升：「随着基础通胀接近2%、金融环境依然宽松，如果不以适当方式调整政策利率，市场对通胀超调的担忧可能推高长期利率。」

此次表态正值日本央行本月底关键政策会议之前，届时央行将发布新的季度增长与通胀预测，市场将从中寻找下一次加息时点的线索。在反对党议员追问财政支出对通胀的影响时，植田表示，增加支出会通过刺激经济推高物价与工资增速；但若增支提升了日本的供给能力，长期看反而有助于缓和通胀。路透社指出，日本国债收益率已因加息预期、以及对首相高市早苗大规模支出计划可能恶化本已吃紧的财政的担忧而上行。日本央行已在9月将政策利率上调至1.25%的31年高位（站内10月17日稿已载）。

同日在国会，首相高市早苗据彭博社报道强烈否认自己应为日元疲软与利率高企负责：「到目前为止，我因为诸如『高市的弱日元』『高市的高利率』之类说法受到很多批评。我断然拒绝这些说法。」她表示，其政府旨在通过建设强劲经济与实现财政可持续来提振对日元的信心，并将妥善控制下一财年预算中的国债发行。报道称，市场正密切关注政府如何在不加重债务负担的情况下，为计划中的食品销售税减免与增加防卫支出筹资；增长战略大臣木内稔曾在9月表示日本已不再需要激进货币宽松与财政支出的再通胀政策，财务大臣片山皋月也曾表示高市并非再通胀主义者。（GSM 据路透社、彭博社报道）

BOJ Governor Ueda Says Underlying Inflation "Quite Close" to 2% Target; PM Takaichi Rejects "Takaichi Weak Yen" Label in Parliament

Tokyo — Bank of Japan Governor Kazuo Ueda said on Monday that underlying inflation is "quite close" to the central bank's 2% target, with strong global AI demand adding to inflationary pressure from a tight job market, Reuters reported.

"It is becoming more important to anchor underlying inflation around our 2% target," Ueda told parliament. While rising raw material costs from the Middle East conflict were pushing up inflation, a tight job market and a moderate economic recovery were also applying demand-driven price pressure, he said, adding: "Very strong global AI demand is also boosting capital expenditure and exports, thereby pushing up prices for a wide range of goods." Ueda also said raising interest rates at an appropriate pace would help avoid spikes in bond yields: "As underlying inflation approaches 2% and financial conditions remain accommodative, failing to adjust our policy rate appropriately could push up long-term interest rates by stoking market concern over an inflation overshoot."

The remarks came ahead of the central bank's key policy meeting later this month, at which it will release fresh quarterly growth and inflation forecasts to be scrutinised for clues on the timing of the next rate hike. Asked by an opposition lawmaker about the impact of fiscal spending on inflation, Ueda said increased expenditure would push up price and wage growth by stimulating the economy, but that if it boosted Japan's supply capacity it could help moderate inflation in the long run. Japanese government bond yields have risen on prospects of further BOJ rate hikes and concerns that Prime Minister Sanae Takaichi's big spending plans could worsen the country's already strained finances. The BOJ raised its policy rate in September to 1.25%, a 31-year high, as reported on this site on October 17.

In the same day's parliamentary session, Prime Minister Takaichi strongly denied that she is responsible for a weak yen and high interest rates, Bloomberg reported. "Up until now, I've been criticised a lot for things like 'Takaichi's weak yen' and 'Takaichi's high interest rates'," she said. "I categorically reject those claims." Her administration aims to boost confidence in the yen by building a strong economy and achieving fiscal sustainability, Takaichi said, adding that she will appropriately control the issuance of Japanese government bonds in next fiscal year's budget. Market participants are watching how the government will fund a planned sales tax cut on food and higher defence spending without worsening the debt burden; Growth Strategy Minister Minoru Kiuchi said in September that Japan no longer needs a reflationary policy of aggressive monetary easing and fiscal spending, and Finance Minister Satsuki Katayama has said Takaichi is not a reflationist. (GSM, from Reuters and Bloomberg reports)

来源：GSM·美国（原文链接）

图片来源：日本首相高市早苗会见日本央行行长植田和男资料图（非本次国会作证现场），画面两人均在场。图：内閣広報室（Cabinet Public Affairs Office），Wikimedia Commons，CC BY 4.0（经 Commons API 实查）。File photo of Prime Minister Sanae Takaichi meeting BOJ Governor Kazuo Ueda (not the parliamentary session). Photo: Cabinet Public Affairs Office, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY 4.0 (verified via Commons API).

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